New Challenges Faced By Cotton Production In Yiyang

　　 First, new situations and challenges facing this year.

Related information and investigation showed that cotton production in Yiyang is facing three major pressures this year.

1, the impact of serious reduction and reduction in the previous year. In 2013, under the influence of high temperature and drought and typhoons, the cotton yield per unit was reduced by 84 / mu compared with 2012, and the efficiency was very poor. according to Yiyang Wang Zhan, director of village village of North Chau zi Town, said that last year he planted 11 mu of cotton and 191 seed per mu, and the average income per mu was only 1413 yuan, while the land rent and production cost amounted to 1256 yuan, and the income per mu of labor was only 157 yuan; the rice variety 16 mu, the yield of early rice 450 and the late rice 550, the annual output value 2364 yuan, the corresponding production cost two yuan in the early and late season, 1468 yuan per mu, and the income per mu was more than 80%. The poor benefit of seed cotton will seriously affect the enthusiasm of cotton growers this year.

2, this year will be cancelled. cotton Temporary collection and storage policy. In order to comprehensively deepen the reform, this year's Central Document No. 1 clearly put forward the "reform to promote the decoupling of the price formation mechanism of agricultural products from the government subsidies, and gradually form the target price system of agricultural products". "2014, start the pilot project of northeast and Inner Mongolia soybean and Xinjiang cotton target price", "continue to implement the policy of minimum purchase price for rice and wheat, and the temporary storage and purchase policy of corn, rapeseed and sugar", without mentioning the temporary purchase and storage policy of cotton. There is no doubt that the temporary purchase and storage subsidy policy will be abolished in the cotton area of the Yangtze River Valley, and the purchase and sale price of cotton will be determined according to the market supply and demand.

3. Cotton Purchase price Basically integrate with the international market. After the abolition of the temporary cotton purchase and storage policy in 2014, it will continue to implement the new national acquisition standard on the one hand, and on the other hand, the price of cotton will be in line with the international cotton price. The new acquisition standard has no difference in the color of raw cotton. The color of raw cotton in the Yangtze River Valley is dark, and the cotton price of the same fiber length may be low. At present, the international cotton price is much lower than that of domestic cotton. According to relevant information, the price of 3128B cotton made in China in mid February 2014 is 19451 yuan, while the price of cotton at international level is only 15951 yuan at the end of 1, which is 3500 yuan lower. At the price of 16000 yuan per ton, the purchase price per seed of 500 grams of cotton seed will be reduced to 3.2 yuan or even lower.

　　 Two, cotton farmers to reduce production area of the intention and difficulties

1, cotton farmers change their intentions. In 2013, although the national development and Reform Commission approved the appropriate relaxation of cotton purchase and storage standards in Hunan, Hubei and Jiangxi in December 23rd, the cotton sale price rose from November. The highest price per kg seed cotton rose to 7.8 yuan. However, due to drought, cotton production was generally low and planting efficiency was poor. At the time, 1/4 farmers said that the cotton planting area would be greatly reduced in 2014. After the cotton price rose at the end of the year, the consciousness of some cotton growers was changed. Recently, the Nanxian economic investigation station surveyed 20 cotton farmers in South Zhou Town, Wuzui Township, Mingshan town and Hua Ge town. Because of the early time of cotton planting, they did not respond to the change in cotton purchasing policy. 20 households planned to grow 104 mu, which was 16 Mu less than the planting area in 2013, and the reduction rate was 13.3%. Based on this calculation, the planting area of Yiyang will be reduced by 100 thousand mu in 2014. Half of the reduced cotton fields are to be replanted to rice and corn. 35% of the area is planned to grow into vegetable crops such as pumpkins, and 15% of the area is converted to legumes and cash crops.

2, the main difficulty of reducing cotton area. During the survey, cotton growers generally reflected that there were two difficulties in reducing cotton area: first, the crop was difficult to choose. What cotton does not grow, most cotton farmers say it is difficult to choose at the moment. It is considered that if any crop grows, the market will be saturated and the price will fall. It is hoped that governments at all levels and agricultural departments will give guidance. Two, land is difficult to adjust. Cotton farmers have reflected that although the benefits of grain production have been good in recent years, the government has attached importance to the policy of benefiting farmers, and the rice planting is the best choice. However, the cotton land is generally high, and it is difficult to turn into paddy fields under the existing water conservancy facilities. The cotton area government hopes that the higher authorities will pay more attention to the existing production conditions in the cotton area, and continue to strengthen guidance for cotton production and adjustment of cotton crops.

　 Three, suggestions and measures to ensure and improve the benefit of cotton planting.

1, to ensure cotton growers benefit from cotton planting. First of all, we must do a good job in macro regulation and control of the cotton industry at the national level to prevent cotton prices from skyrocketing and plummeting. At the beginning of the year, the relevant departments should approve the cotton output, inventory, import volume and actual cotton consumption in the whole year. According to the requirements of the basic balance of production and marketing, the guiding seeding area of cotton in the year was calculated, and the cotton planting area was decomposed in time to provide guidance information for increasing and reducing the area. Secondly, after the abolition of the temporary reserve policy this year, cotton prices will have a certain decline. The state should introduce a cotton target price compensation policy as soon as possible. In the past 3 years, the average purchase price of seed cotton for temporary cotton reserves is 4.3 yuan /500 grams, which is more reasonable as the target price of cotton. In recent years, the average unit yield of seed cotton in the Yangtze River valley cotton area is 250? Mu per mu, which can be used as the target yield of cotton. There are two ways of compensation, one is compensation by area, and the other is compensation based on output. Two. The two methods have their advantages and disadvantages. Most people in the cotton area claim compensation by area. Three, before the introduction of the cotton target price compensation policy, it is suggested that cotton planting subsidies be applied to the superior cotton area according to the grain subsidy policy. Four, in the case of oversupply of cotton this year, it is recommended that the state moderate control of cotton imports in order to prevent a serious fall in cotton prices.

2, comprehensive measures to improve cotton growers' benefit. First, we should further adjust and optimize the layout of cotton production. We should continue to optimize the layout of production and increase the proportion of the dominant cotton area in accordance with the principle of proper concentration and the principle of adjusting measures to local conditions. Two, we should do a good job in the construction of water conservancy infrastructure in cotton fields, increase the efforts to transform cotton fields, speed up the construction of supporting facilities for cotton ploughing, and upgrade the cotton fields into the fields of irrigation and water conservancy facilities and fertile soil projects, so as to enhance the productivity level of cotton fields and the ability to resist disasters and protect them. Three is to continue to promote the establishment of high yield of cotton, conscientiously sum up the successful experience and integration technology in recent years, and intensify the demonstration and popularization. Four, we should increase the intensity of demonstration and popularization of light cotton cultivation techniques, highlight the application of light seedling, slow release fertilizer, unified control and mechanical harvesting, help cotton farmers reduce input in cotton production, significantly reduce labor production costs, and improve seed cotton and actual production benefits. Five, we should increase the demonstration and generalization of Intercropping of cotton fields, and help cotton growers to improve the comprehensive production efficiency of cotton fields. Six, we should establish and improve the cotton production service system, guide cotton growers to popularize excellent varieties, continuously raise the level of seed cotton, and constantly increase unit output.