One Line, One Train And One Map Of China'S Railway Innovation And Development

? ? ? On June 30, the Beijing Shanghai high speed railway, a railway linking Beijing and Shanghai, the two largest cities in China, has been opened for ten years. Over the past decade, the high-speed rail line has safely transported 1.35 billion passengers, connecting the four provinces and three cities of "Beijing Tianjin Hebei Shandong Anhui Jiangsu Shanghai", closely linking the two world-class urban agglomerations of Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei and the Yangtze River Delta, and building a high-speed rail economic corridor supporting the first development in the East.

? ? ? In the early years, the Beijing Shanghai railway was famous for its Jinpu line. After it was built in 1912, it connected Beijing Tianjin with Shanghai Nanjing line and formed the later Beijing Shanghai railway. From steam locomotives in the early years to electric locomotives now, from green cars to intelligent multiple units, the driving time of the two places has been shortened from more than 36 hours to 4 hours and 18 minutes now. Behind the speed change is the unremitting efforts of Chinese Railway people to technological innovation.

Beijing Shanghai high speed railway has a maximum speed of 350 km / h, which is the fastest running high-speed railway in the world. Visual China

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The reporter noted that when the fifth anniversary of the operation of the Beijing Shanghai high-speed railway was completed in 2016, the total passenger volume in the first five years was only 450 million. This means that the passenger volume of Beijing Shanghai high-speed railway has reached 900 million person times in recent five years, and the transportation capacity has accelerated.

Shao Changhong, general manager of Beijing Shanghai high-speed rail company, revealed that the annual traffic volume of high-speed rail increased from 65.53 million in 2012 to 210 million in 2019, an increase of 2.3 times. Affected by the epidemic last year, the passenger traffic volume dropped to more than 130 million, but this year the passenger traffic volume has returned to normal. On June 25, the reporter found that the seats were full on a long marshalled EMU from Shanghai to Beijing, and even the business seats were full of passengers.

It's so full. Is it because there are too few shifts every day? Obviously not. Nowadays, the shortest departure interval of Beijing Shanghai high-speed railway is only 4 minutes. Liu Hongrun, Secretary of the Party committee and chairman of the Beijing Shanghai high-speed railway company, told reporters that the Beijing Shanghai high-speed railway operates 568 trains a day, 666 trains at the highest time and nearly 800000 people a day at the peak.

It is reported that nearly 1.2 million trains have been operated on the whole line of Beijing Shanghai high-speed railway in the past ten years, and the average daily train number has increased from 131 at the initial stage of operation to 568 at present“ Over the past 10 years, the Beijing Shanghai high-speed railway has traveled more than 1.58 billion kilometers, equivalent to nearly 40000 laps around the equator. "

This is the largest and busiest high-speed rail line in China. At the same time, its maximum operating speed is 350 km / h, which is also the fastest high-speed railway in the world.

The total length of Beijing Shanghai high-speed railway is 1318 km, with a total investment of 220.94 billion yuan. At the beginning of 2000, this was an unimaginable sky high price. Therefore, there were doubts about the investment income of Beijing Shanghai high-speed railway.

However, after ten years of operation, the Beijing Shanghai high-speed railway is undoubtedly the most successful investment of the country. The success lies not only in the super profitability of this line, but also in turning losses into profits in the fourth year of its opening, with a profit of 11.9 billion yuan in 2019. More importantly, it has driven the rapid economic development of the eastern region, which has 27% of China's population, and its social benefits are difficult to assess.

Shanghai, Beijing and Tianjin, which are connected by Beijing Shanghai high-speed railway, are one of the most developed and populous cities in China.

The Beijing Shanghai high-speed rail links the two world-class urban agglomerations of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei and the Yangtze River Delta, so that the areas along the line can share the prosperity and prosperity brought by the rapid and orderly flow of talent, technology, capital and information, and build a high-speed rail economic corridor supporting the first development in the East, and become an important engine of high-quality economic and social development. The governments and industries of provinces and cities along the line feel a lot about this.

For example, Nanjing South Railway Station, one of the five hub stations of Beijing Shanghai high-speed railway, was completed and put into use in the same year as Beijing Shanghai high-speed railway. The opening, operation and construction development of Beijing Shanghai high speed railway and Nanjing South Railway Station have transformed Nanjing from a north-south traffic node into a "cross shaped" transportation hub extending in all directions. It has had a positive and far-reaching impact on the economic and social construction, the promotion of the city image and the improvement of people's living conditions.

Zhu Xinyu, the head of Nanjing railway station, said that the number of cities directly accessible from Nanjing South Railway Station increased from 56 10 years ago to 178, covering most provinces and cities in China. Ten years ago, Nanjing South railway station only operated 200 trains a day, with less than 60000 passengers arriving and departing. For example, the number of trains running today has increased to more than 700 and the number of passengers arriving and departing is nearly 280000. After calculation, this super large railway station operates 250000 trains annually and serves more than 100 million passengers.

The convenience of transportation makes Nanjing South Railway Station the "dream starting station" for countless entrepreneurs. This is because Nanjing South Railway Station is located in the core area of Yuhuatai District. After the opening of Beijing Shanghai high speed railway, the convenient transportation has attracted many software technology talents to choose to develop in Nanjing. According to Ling Qianqian, executive deputy director of Yuhuatai District Government of Nanjing, there are 3142 software information enterprises in the District, including 15 of the world's top 500 and world top 100 software enterprises, with more than 300000 software employees. The software industry income reaches 217 billion yuan, accounting for nearly 40% of Nanjing City and 21% of Jiangsu Province.

Now, Yuhuatai District, affectionately known by netizens as "manong universe center", is one of the areas with the largest number of young people and the most concentrated intelligence in Nanjing. Among them, Yunman has successfully listed on the New York Stock Exchange on June 22. Meanwhile, there are 34 Unicorn cultivation enterprises such as Meipian and silicon based intelligence and 14 gazelle enterprises, The number of new species enterprises ranked third in Nanjing“ In addition to the agglomeration elements of the industrial chain, the emergence of these new species of enterprises is closely related to the convenient traffic conditions of Nanjing South Station of Beijing Shanghai high speed railway Ling said forward.

Shandong also enjoys all the advantages. Sun Xuewen, a secondary researcher at the infrastructure development department of Shandong development and Reform Commission, told reporters that the opening and operation of Beijing Shanghai high-speed railway has further shortened the space-time distance between Shandong and the regions along the line, and has played a positive role in promoting the economic and social development of Shandong Province. By the end of 2020, Shandong Province has achieved a GDP of 7.3 trillion yuan, 1.6 times that of 2011. The general public budget revenue is 655.99 billion yuan, 1.9 times that of 2011. Taking the tourism industry as an example, the Beijing Shanghai high-speed railway connects the main axis of "Jinan Tai'an Qufu Zaozhuang", which is rich in tourism resources in Shandong Province, and connects the golden tourism line of "one mountain, one water and one saint". There are 347 scenic spots above grade a along the line. The opening and operation of the Beijing Shanghai high-speed railway has promoted the sustainable and rapid development of Tourism along the line. In 2019, the four cities received 290 million tourists.

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No one could have predicted this 13 years ago. Wan Fang, a director appointed by Ping an asset management, one of the shareholders of Beijing Shanghai high-speed rail, still remembers that China's high-speed rail was just starting, and many financial institutions were cautious and hesitant about whether to participate in the investment of Beijing Shanghai high-speed rail. Before the investment, Ping an asset management conducted a comprehensive and prudent assessment and determination on a series of potential investment risks involved in the Beijing Shanghai high-speed railway project, including technical risk, completion risk, over estimate risk, related party transaction issues, route layout right, asset integrity and boundary, etc., and designed multiple supporting risk control mechanisms and process control mechanisms. Finally, in June 2008, Ping an asset management, as the leader and trustee, initiated the establishment of the equity investment plan of Beijing Shanghai high-speed rail, leading seven large domestic insurance institutions to invest 16 billion yuan in Beijing Shanghai high-speed rail. Ping An accounts for 6.3 billion yuan in the scheme and is the largest share holder.

Looking back on this investment 13 years later, Wanfang is extremely proud. He did not just bet on the trend, but saw the prospect of high-speed rail technology.

In fact, before the construction of Beijing Shanghai high-speed railway, there was an old line between Shanghai and Beijing called Beijing Shanghai railway.

The Beijing Shanghai railway is composed of the former Beijing Tianjin section of the Jingshan railway, the Jinpu railway and the former Huning railway. The section from Beiping to Tianjin of Pingshan railway was built from 1897 to 1900. Jinpu railway, starting from Tianjin North railway station and ending at Nanjing old Nanjing North Station (former Pukou station), started construction in 1908 and completed in 1912. Shanghai Nanjing railway, starting from Xiaguan station (Nanjing West Railway Station) and ending at Shanghai railway station, started construction in 1905 and completed in 1908.

In the movies and television, the scene of the train whistling and smoking really appeared on this line, because for a long time, the Beijing Shanghai railway used diesel locomotives, and the initial speed was only 60 kilometers per hour. It took two or three days to travel from Beijing to Shanghai. Later, the speed began to increase slowly. In 1949, the fastest speed needed more than 36 hours. In 1959, 28 hours, 1986, 14 hours, and 2004, 12 hours. In 2005, the Beijing Shanghai railway was electrified, and the high-speed train set produced by the technology introduced in 2004 was used. The maximum speed can reach 250 kilometers per hour. Therefore, Beijing and Shanghai can arrive within 10 hours in 2007.

However, the Chinese Railway people's pursuit of speed is endless. In 2011, the Beijing Shanghai high-speed railway was opened, and the fastest train number arrived in 4 hours and 48 minutes. In 2017, the "Fuxing" was launched, and the speed was further increased to only 4 hours and 18 minutes. The new and old Beijing Shanghai Railway witnessed the change of speed and the whole process from green car to high-speed railway EMU.

Ding Sansan, a scientist of CRRC and director of the national high speed EMU assembly engineering technology research center, remembers that when the Beijing Shanghai high-speed railway was started, "the original Ministry of Railways asked us to develop a new generation of crh380a high-speed EMUs and put them into operation on Beijing Shanghai line, with a continuous running speed of 350km / h and a maximum running speed of 380km / h Comprehensive comfort and a series of indicators such as energy conservation and environmental protection should reach the world's advanced level at that time. " However, CRRC Sifang Co., Ltd. introduced technology to produce the first high-speed EMU in 2004. At that time, Japan only transferred the design and manufacturing technology of 200-250 km / h EMU. On the basis of rapid digestion technology, Sifang developed a 300 km / h EMU.

"Just four years ago, we will independently develop 380km / h EMUs, and the development cycle is only more than two years. We can imagine the difficulties and challenges." Ding Sansan recalled that after a comprehensive analysis, he finally determined to conquer nine key technologies and ten supporting technologies, and identified key materials and components, key systems and components, system integration and partners of test verification from three aspects of common basic technology, key technology and test verification technology. It has successively signed strategic cooperation agreements with 21 domestic first-class universities and scientific research institutes such as Tsinghua University, Zhejiang University and Chinese Academy of Sciences, as well as 41 domestic strong supporting enterprises such as time electric and Zhuzhou Electric Machinery Co., Ltd. to jointly carry out technical research on the new generation of crh380a high-speed train.

After the technical breakthrough, the achievements were turned into products, forming a systematic and complete industrial chain. At the same time, a team of localization suppliers was cultivated. In 2007, there were more than 300 EMU parts suppliers of Sifang, and 102 suppliers were retained after evaluation, screening and elimination in 2009.

Finally, when the Beijing Shanghai high-speed railway started in June 2011, a new generation of crh380 series high-speed EMUs with a speed of 350 km / h made a brilliant appearance, which surprised the whole audience.

If we say that the CRH1, 2, 3 and 5 series of the first generation of EMUs have introduced and imitated foreign technologies, the second generation crh380 series has started independent research and development on this basis, but it is still based on foreign standards. The third generation of Chinese standard EMUs is completely free from dependence on foreign technologies and standards. It is not only completely independent in technology, but also independent in standards, For example, the geological compatibility and construction standards are higher than the existing foreign standards, which are really created in China.

The Chinese standard EMU, also known as "Fuxing", refers to the EMU dominated by the Chinese standard system. Specifically, among all 254 technical standards, Chinese standards account for 84%. It can be said that "Fuxing" Chinese standard EMU has constructed a complete, reasonable structure, advanced and scientific technical standard system for high-speed EMUs, which marks the full realization of autonomy, standardization and serialization of high-speed EMU technology in China, and greatly enhances the international discourse power and core competitiveness of China's high-speed rail.

Since June 25, Beijing Shanghai high speed railway has entered a new intelligent era with the launch of "Fuxing" intelligent EMU. Although the appearance of this new model does not change much from the previous models of Beijing Shanghai high-speed railway, there are many technical upgrades of neili hard core, such as the further improvement of safety monitoring and intelligent operation and maintenance level of intelligent multiple units, and upgrading and optimizing the on-board fault prediction and health management system (PHM). Each on-board mechanic can monitor the warning information at any time with the handheld terminal when inspecting the vehicle.

The Beijing Shanghai high-speed railway is so long and runs fast. The loosening of a small screw or the crack of a railway may cause major safety accidents. In the past routine inspection, a large amount of manpower and equipment should be invested, ranging from a bridge or a tunnel to a sleeper or a screw. In particular, high-speed railways such as the Beijing Shanghai high-speed railway can only use the limited time in the morning for online inspection, which is tight in time and has high work intensity.

"In order to solve these pain points, we have developed the first set of intelligent inspection system for railway fully automatic UAV at home and abroad based on Beidou + 5g through complete technology research, which can inspect from multiple angles in the air." Yang Huaizhi, director of equipment safety department of Beijing Shanghai High Speed Railway Co., Ltd.

In addition, China's first independently developed "China standard intelligent rail grinding car" test sample car was completed on June 18. Liu Xuewen, deputy general manager of Beijing Shanghai High Speed Railway Co., Ltd., told reporters that this is an important step for "minimally invasive" maintenance of high-speed railway. As the high-speed rail is seamless rail, once the track and sleeper rail have problems, the track needs to be sawed off and re installed after maintenance“ The "minimally invasive" renovation technology makes it unnecessary to cut off the track when the sleeper rail has problems, which not only improves the efficiency, but also reduces the impact on the traffic safety and transportation order.

More importantly, a series of intelligent comprehensive operation and maintenance management systems developed by Beijing Shanghai high-speed railway have gradually formed a new concept of intelligent operation and maintenance of high-speed railway, which has gradually formed a new intelligent operation and maintenance concept of "let high-speed railway data emit intelligent voice", and promote the intelligent new mode of high-speed railway operation and maintenance from "fault repair" and "planned repair" to "condition based repair" and "predictive repair", realizing "knowing thousands of miles of things without going out of the door, and knowing a hundred years of history without opening a book", It provides more intelligent, more efficient and more comprehensive data and information support for the operation and maintenance of high-speed railway equipment.

No wonder Wu Guodong, deputy director of the locomotive and vehicle Department of China National Railway Group, said that as a standard demonstration line of China's high-speed railway, Beijing Shanghai high-speed railway is also a "Pathfinder" and a "test field" for technological innovation of China's high-speed rail operation and maintenance system.

From the Beijing Shanghai high-speed railway, we can see the past of China's railway and the future of intelligent railway.

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