India Textile Industry Faces Huge Investment In The Past Few Years.
目前,印度紡織工業正在經歷一場巨大的危機。紡織工業幾年前投入的10000億盧比面臨打水漂的危險。根據印度紡織工業協會報告,如果政府不及時為紡織工業提供幫助的話,紡織工業將面臨滅頂之災。
其代價非常高。紡織工業為國家創造的直接和間接就業機會最大,直接就業人員3500萬人,間接從業人員4700萬人,2007-08財年出口達到220億美元,在世界紡織貿易中的比重為4%。
紡織工業的制造業附加值貢獻率為14%。到2012年,紡織工業具備再創造1200萬個直接就業機會和500萬個間接就業機會的潛力。同時,還具備將出口擴大到500億美元的潛力,印度的世界貿易比重將提高到6%。
但是,自從去年(2007-08)年以來,紡織工業受到外部因素的影響,而非自身因素。印度盧比持續升值,利率成本不斷北上。原油價格上漲,也加大了紡織工業的原料成本,而原料是紡織工業生產投資中的一大部分。
同時,2008年下半年,全球經濟危機爆發,紡織工業形勢每況愈下,全球市場需求疲軟,紡織工業面臨前所未有的惡劣環境。與此同時,政府把棉花最低扶持價格上調25-40%,國內棉花價格進一步飆升,紡織工業的日子猶如雪上加霜。
同時,TUFS和TED安排資金的支付被推遲,導致紡織企業流動資金緊張。僅僅幾個月,紡織出口和生產就出現負增長,大多企業嚴重虧損,只有少數企業有微薄的利潤。
據報道,紡織工業在僅僅幾個月時間里就損失700,000個工作機會,到本財年(2008-09)年底,失業人員數量預期達到100萬。但是,既然有負面因素,也就有積極因素。對于紡織工業來說,這將是一個黃金時機,如果政府及時提供幫助,紡織工業就可以借機夯實基礎,把危機轉變為機遇。
紡織工業正在逐漸遷出北美、歐洲和日本,同時,中國、巴基斯坦和土耳其正在步入一個非常困難的時期,這可能導致紡織業務轉入其它亞洲國家,如越南、柬埔寨、孟加拉和斯里蘭卡,因此,印度有可能成為紡織工業的遷入目的地,因為全球危機對印度造成的影響還不算太嚴重。
但政府宣布的兩項刺激方案影響力很小。現在,紡織工業期望政府幫助他們度過危機,就像中國政府為本國紡織服裝工業所做那樣,2008年中國政府連續三次上調出口退稅率,同時,還為紡織服裝工業提供其它補貼和激勵。
If the government takes measures, the textile industry in India will be able to gain a foothold. If the government's support policy can be extended for two years, the textile and garment industry can create 2 million 500 thousand more jobs.
同時,2009-10財年的出口將有望增長10%,印度在全球紡織貿易的比重將從目前的4%提高到6%。而最大的好處是,紡織工業前幾年投入的10000億盧比就淪為不良資產。
Editor: vivi
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