Marketing: Competition Orientation Or Customer Orientation?
In the marketing activities of enterprises, marketing strategy, marketing strategy and marketing execution are three main levels. As marketing strategies of marketing tactics, some people think that marketing strategies should be customer centered and formulate marketing strategies from the perspective of demand. Some people think that they should take competition as the guidance and design marketing strategies from the perspective of competitors. So, what should we design the marketing strategy?
一、競(jìng)爭(zhēng)導(dǎo)向的營(yíng)銷策略
Competition oriented marketing strategy is mainly based on competitors, first identifying the competitors, including the existing competitors and potential competitors, industry competitors and cross industry competitors, followed by following strategies or formulating strategies for competitors, so that many marketing supervisors believe that marketing competitiveness is positively related to customer satisfaction, so they will focus more directly on direct competitors in short selling practice. Every listed new car has a hypothetical enemy.
Changan launched the market price of 40 thousand yuan up and down Changan "Ben Ben" challenge is Chery QQ, Hafei road treasure in the small displacement car market status; such as Erie's "Golden" for Mengniu "the Arab League Su" seize the high-end. It is considered that in the uncertainty of external environment, such as market, policy, individualization of consumers' demands, the borderline of competition, etc., and the rapid development of pformational technology at any time, the business environment faced by enterprises is: personalized customer service; rapid development of IT technology; shortening of commodity life cycle; price competition; reorganization of circulation channels; market saturation; global standards. With many changing new products appearing in people's lives, the disadvantages of customer orientation are also emerging.
It only focuses on the existing needs and ignores the potential demand; moreover, market research plays a limited role when people's needs are at a higher stage (for example, some entertainment consumption is hard to work). Just like Professor Pierre AI Fei, the father of European marketing, it is only a fantasy that enterprises want to listen to all the consumers' opinions, because consumers have no ability to say clearly what their desires are, and they can not understand the new products created by the new technological revolution. The comprehensive competitiveness derived from the comprehensive resources such as product technology, price, brand, service and so on is being paid more and more attention due to the failure of demand because of the difficult prediction and assurance of market demand.
Therefore, competition orientation is gradually becoming the thematic orientation of the survival and development of enterprises. Product technology innovation, price and so on are also issuing increasingly strong voice and sales force based on competition orientation. Because the first development of new products and listing are faced with many inauthenticity (which may become pioneers or become martyrs), which makes many enterprises tend to avoid uncertainty in the marketing process, take the competition orientation instead of customer demand orientation.
二、客戶導(dǎo)向的營(yíng)銷策略
In 1990, American Marketing scientist R.Lauterborn put forward that under the condition of "buyer's market", marketing should start from the buyer's standpoint or standpoint, changing the elements of marketing paction from 4P to 4C: from seller's product (Product) to buyer's need and desire (Customerneedsandwants); from seller's pricing (Pricing) to buyer's cost (Costtocustomer); from seller's channel or network point (Placing) to buyer's convenience (Convenience); from seller's promotion (Promotion) to Bourne's communication (Communication). The core of the 4C strategy is that the marketing strategy of a company must take the buyer (customer) as the starting point, catch and satisfy the needs and desires of consumers in the largest and fastest range, reduce the cost of customers, bring convenience to customers, and achieve effective communication with customers. The principle is that the moon goes, and so do I.
That is to say, the marketing strategy of an enterprise can only change with the change of customer's behavior and demand. Those who agree with this view believe that performance is driven by consumption demand rather than competition demand, because competition inevitably returns to its essence, that is, from marketing means, concept and concept speculation to product innovation, from integration demand to innovation demand, we should promote marketing innovation around the needs of target consumers instead of competitors. In order to ensure the long-term survival and competitive advantages of individual products, enterprises must keep the unique and outstanding concept of marketing system. With the extension of marketing capability and market segmentation, the key segments of the market can be fully activated. Customers are the core of marketing model construction, rather than the business self or competitors.
三、品牌導(dǎo)向的營(yíng)銷策略
Those who agree with this view believe that the core value of brand should be designed and identified, because its core value is the fundamental interest of the brand to the customer and the basis of forming brand equity. To create a brand that touches people's hearts, we must excavate the core value from the needs of the target customers, adhere to it with the actual product function, and publicize it with the promotion method of the system. For example, the target market of P & G's brand of botanical shampoo is young white-collar women, but its brand core value, "black hair", does not accurately grasp the needs of target customers. Young women pursue changeable colors. They do not have worries about white hair. Therefore, "black hair" is not their interest point. As a result, P & G's brand has been abandoned by the market. For example, BMW's "fun driving", Mercedes's "honourable" experience and Volvo's "safety" have become a unique brand appeal point.
Brand oriented marketing strategy starts from identifying factors, such as the core value of Hafei's brand is "removing dandruff", and the concept recognition is "Dandruff without trace, beautiful hair is more outstanding" and "no dandruff, feeling closer", which ultimately depends on the excellent shampoo function of Head and Shoulders shampoo to support. The appearance of the product will give the customer a deep first impression. Therefore, it is very important to design the product appearance from the brand's sensory identification to embody the core value of the brand.
The pricing of products is also determined by the concept identification of brand. The brand that emphasizes the concept of "extraordinary experience" and "infinite dignity" requires that products are expensive in price, because such products can only be owned by people of high status and ability to consume; emphasize that the products of "super value" and "high cost performance" should be easily owned by the middle and low income groups in terms of price. Product pricing, which is contradictory to brand recognition, will leave a confused impression on customers and affect the building of brand image.
Many small and medium enterprises in China often publicize their products as "aristocratic enjoyment" and "status symbol" in pursuit of fashion. On the other hand, in order to occupy the market, the price of products is very low, which results in a sense of neither fish nor fowl. Channel form design should follow the brand concept recognition. Channel daily sales and promotional activities should follow the brand behavior recognition, and channel store design should follow the brand sensory recognition. The form of product sales can directly reflect the concept of the brand, and the boutique gives people the sense of quality. The hypermarket is the place for the sale of economical products, and the direct selling is more efficient.
In the computer industry, DELL delivers high efficiency, customer-oriented ideas to customers through direct marketing, Lenovo's boutique shops provide users with quality service experience, and the DIY products in the computer market form a solid image. In daily sales and promotional activities, the dress and manner of channel salesmen will also give customers a deep impression.
Therefore, it is essential for brand building to follow the brand's behavior and identify the organization and management channel sales activities. Standard dress and decent behavior are very helpful to enhance brand quality and establish trust for customers. Channel storefront is the window for enterprises to face customers. The decoration and layout of storefront are the exhibition platform of brand style. The color matching of shop layout should keep consistent with the brand sensory identification elements, so as to enhance the customer's impression of the brand. The theme of promotion and promotional activities should be centered on the identification of brand concept. The form of activity should conform to the brand's behavior recognition, and the propaganda design of the event should start from brand sense recognition. Promotion activities with distinct themes and lively forms are powerful tools to promote product sales, but the theme of promotion must conform to the brand's concept identification, so as to consolidate and enhance the public's awareness of the core value of the brand. The lack of unified planning theme will make the public form a confused brand cognition and damage the establishment of brand image. The product brand that is famous for technology is advertised and promoted. It should be "the charm of science and technology". If we want to promote the needs of the short term, we should "fashion and fashion" as the theme of promotion, which will surely interfere with the public's understanding of the brand.
The design of promotional activities should also follow the identification of brand behavior. The product brand with "reliability and safety" as the core value should avoid using too active promotion form. The promotion site design and event gift design, which are consistent with brand sensory identification, will play a plus role in promoting the effectiveness of promotional activities.
四、結(jié)論
From the above analysis, we know that marketing strategy is not single, it is necessary to consider the overall needs of the consumer, not only to consider the market demand, but also to formulate marketing strategies in combination with competition, because the marketing strategy should not only be adaptable, but also competitive, the marketing activities of the enterprise are walking with multiple legs, the other is the basic marketing activities based on 4P, which is often designed around the core of the product; the one line is the brand planning and publicity activities; and the other is the situation of competition.
同時(shí),營(yíng)銷策略應(yīng)該與時(shí)俱進(jìn),充分發(fā)揮體驗(yàn)的元素:
一是要刺激消費(fèi)者的感官,因?yàn)槿说母杏^由聽(tīng)覺(jué)、視覺(jué)、味覺(jué)、嗅覺(jué)與觸覺(jué)構(gòu)成,刺激其感觀也就是要刺激這五官,為消費(fèi)者創(chuàng)造值得回憶的感受;
二是調(diào)動(dòng)消費(fèi)者的情感,感官的刺激其實(shí)還只是初步,最重要是通過(guò)感官的刺激,激發(fā)人們內(nèi)心的一種情緒,比如說(shuō)快樂(lè)、自豪、高興等,調(diào)動(dòng)他們的情感感受;
三是促使消費(fèi)者思考和采取行動(dòng),感受營(yíng)銷不僅將商品概念強(qiáng)加給消費(fèi)者,而是通過(guò)引導(dǎo)消費(fèi)者去思考、去行動(dòng),并從中體會(huì)到個(gè)體的自由,過(guò)程的快樂(lè),進(jìn)而接受產(chǎn)品與品牌;
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