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Agricultural Land Pfer Is Going To "Set Things Right".

2011/1/11 10:01:00 65

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Agricultural Land Pfer "Set Things Right"

The central rural work conference, which was closed recently, made it clear that in 2011, the state will study and introduce a guiding opinion specifically on the pfer of the right to contracted management of rural land (hereinafter referred to as the guidance).

The document will change the current flow of various forms, the excessive participation of the grass-roots government, and the pfer of "non agricultural land".

Non grain production

And so on.

It is reported that the Ministry of agriculture's rural economic system and management department is responsible for drafting the document. In September 2010, when the central rural work conference document was drafted, the Ministry of agriculture submitted the first draft of guidance to the Central Rural Work Leading Group's office and drew it to relevant institutions for research.

The industry estimates that the guiding opinions will be promulgated in the first half of 2011 with the joint issuance of ministries and commissions.

The Ministry of agriculture also intends to revise the "rural land" formulated in 2005.

Contractual management right

The circulation management measures further refined the relevant pfer management regulations, and the form of rural land pfer is expected to be standardized, including the withdrawal of farmland management right, the identification of agricultural operation capability and the risk prevention in circulation.

In the 80s of last century, the pfer of farmland management right began to sprout in coastal areas and then developed into the mainland.

Since 2008, there has been a "circulation fever" in the promotion of agricultural modernization and the proper scale operation of land. The land area of the whole country has increased dramatically, with the growth rate exceeding 60%.

It is estimated that by the end of 2010, the total area of agricultural land pfer in China will be 185 million mu, accounting for 14.6% of the total contracted farmland, and 10 percentage points higher than that in 2005.

However, after the spontaneous circulation stage, the grass-roots government intervened and led the pfer of agricultural land, resulting in the rise of land disputes.

At the same time, after a large number of industrial and commercial capital has entered, the land pferred is "non agricultural" and "non grain oriented" and so on, which endangers food security.

An agricultural department official said that some local governments are keen to promote the circulation of agricultural land, so as to solve the problem of increasing construction land shortage.

According to the insiders, the central government is determined to standardize and will make the pfer of farmland management rights cool down and return to a normal and orderly track.

Heat wave

Although the "No.1 Document" in the Central Committee of the Central Committee in 1984 has been described as "a subcontracted land to the farmers", the real speed of the pfer is after the "Seventeenth National Congress".

The first "Seventeenth National Congress" of the Communist Party of China, held in October 2007, first proposed the establishment of the circulation market for the right to contracted management of land.

According to the introduction, as of August 2008, the area of agricultural land pfer has exceeded 100 million acres, an increase of 66% over the previous year, and the speed is amazing.

According to the data reported from various localities, the proportion of agricultural land pfer in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and other coastal areas is relatively high, and the scale of pfer is directly proportional to the level of local economic development.

Taking Jiangsu Province as an example, it is estimated that by the end of 2010, the total land pfer area in the province was 19 million mu, accounting for 38% of the household contracted area, ranking the highest in the country.

So fast, on the one hand, after the policy is clear, all places reported the data that had not been counted before, and increased the scale of the pfer; on the other hand, all localities actively promoted the scale management of the land, so as to realize the modernization of agriculture at an early date.

In the process of industrialization and urbanization, the desire to move forward is more urgent and the action is more radical.

Zhejiang Province issued a "No. 37" document in 2009, which is specially designed to guide all parts of the country to promote farmland circulation and promote scale operation. According to incomplete statistics, the province's financial incentive funds for promoting land circulation amount to 120 million yuan.

The province has set up 244 land joint stock cooperatives with the right to contractual operation of agricultural land, with an area of 154 thousand mu. At the same time, it is exploring the pilot project of mortgage loan for farmland contractual management rights.

Jiangsu province has formulated the land pfer guidance price in the area, South of Jiangsu is 600 yuan per mu, 650 yuan in the middle of Jiangsu Province, and 550 yuan in Northern Jiangsu.

The province has established a land scale pfer subsidy system. In 2009, it produced 50 million yuan in 2010, and 70 million yuan in 2010. It may increase to 100 million yuan in 2011.

Kunshan, a financially powerful city, produces 80 million yuan a year for subsidies. The land pferred by the government is issued by the government. Unlike other places, the target of contracting out is limited to local farmers and farmers vote to decide who to plant.

"The smallest 149 mu in the area, 1000 yuan a year net income, 100 yuan of income, then 100 thousand yuan, reaching the average level."

An official of the Jiangsu Agriculture Commission said.

In addition, Chongqing, Sichuan Chengdu, Hubei Wuhan and other places have made rapid progress in circulation.

At present, there are various forms of rural land pfer, but mainly in the form of subcontracting, leasing, land shares and other forms.

In recent years, in addition to the farmers, some business entities, professional cooperatives and professional households have increased their participation. In practice, some villagers committees have signed contracts with industrial and commercial enterprises directly.

Capital jump

A participant in the circulation industry said, "fast" at the same time, there has been "chaos".

In some places, the direction of agricultural development is not decentralized household management, but scale management.

In various forms of circulation, there are a number of laws that are beyond the law.

Some places even appeared "harm farmers" situation, the most widely questioned is the intervention of industrial and commercial capital.

It is understood that some companies, with the help of local government's policy of attracting foreign investment, have been occupying farmers' arable land. The price of land pfer is too low and the pfer period is too long. Some of them also violate the regulations of land use control and alter their usage without authorization.

Many of them are directly led by the grassroots government and villagers' organizations.

An agricultural department official of a prefecture level city in Shandong revealed that in 2009, two industrial and commercial enterprises in the city entered into the circulation contract with the villagers' committee and the farmers respectively, and the circulation area was more than 1000 mu.

One of the companies is mainly engaged in the coal business. Because it thinks that the agricultural profits are considerable, it will start large-scale ecological farming after entering, and the other company will be engaged in vegetable cultivation.

The official admits that the direct contract between the village committee and the company has hidden a lot of risks. He is worried that if there is a shortage of business funds, what is the business failure?

In some industry circles, the risk of corporatization is not less than that of one household.

In operation, the company is faced with natural disasters and market fluctuations. At the same time, the company must maintain its cash flow if it wants to operate normally. Once the market fluctuates, the company will face greater financial pressure.

From this point of view, companies running agriculture are more vulnerable than farmers.

At the same time, the industry and Commerce intervened heavily, and another phenomenon came into being. After the land was pferred, most of them chose to grow cash crops, and only a small amount of real grain was planted.

Tengzhou, Shandong, in 2006, established the country's first land pfer tangible market, the city's circulation of land 140 thousand mu, of which only 20 thousand acres of grain cultivation; Guangdong is also very similar, in the area of land pfer, 60% of the investment and development of high-efficiency agricultural projects, such as flowers, fruit trees, seedlings and so on.

"If the whole country is like this, it will be terrible."

One industry insider is worried that this will jeopardize China's food security.

As early as 2001, the central "No. 18" document had been convective and standardized. According to the policy at that time, the central government encouraged the land circulation among farmers, instead of supporting the company to lease the farmers' contracted land for a long time and a large scale.

This principle will be restated after ten years in the text of "No. 18".

In view of the next upcoming guidance, some people in the industry suggested that they should be treated in a classified way. For business vacancies actually caused by the pfer of labor force, the introduction of industrial and commercial capital can be considered, and restrictions on the violation of farmers' wishes and the mandatory introduction of industrial and commercial capital by the government should be restricted.

For the purpose of land use and planting selection after operation, funds and policies should be used to guide them.

Regulate "chaos"

"Looking back, since the establishment of family management system, it has actually encouraged circulation."

Xu Xiaoqing, deputy director of the Rural Economic Research Department of the development research center of the State Council, said that the central documents in the 80s of last century proposed that farmers could be pferred to the field. After many years of practice, the circulation of natural land under the principle of farmland farming was natural.

But the problem is that the matching management and services have not kept pace with the existence of many non-standard places.

Xu Xiaoqing said, first of all, there must be a contract for circulation, but he found in a village investigation that 80% of the turnover is not a contract, it is an oral agreement.

The Ministry of agriculture's rural cooperative economic operation and Management Center (hereinafter referred to as the economic management station), which is responsible for this work, has been carrying out the circulation contract system and the filing system in recent years.

It is understood that after several years of efforts, the current contract signing rate of more than 60%, which to a certain extent reduced the risk of circulation, reducing the land disputes.

It is learnt that the next step is not only to promote the standardization of the pfer contract, but also to regulate the pfer form and circulation behavior.

At present, there are subcontracting, leasing, exchanging, pferring, and stock cooperation in land pfer. There are risk prevention ideas and mechanisms for some controversial forms of circulation.

The land stock cooperative is a form of circulation that Jiangsu vigorously implements. The practice first appeared in South of Jiangsu area of Jiangsu Province, and then was promoted in the whole province.

The specific way is that the government guides farmers to buy shares of land contractual management rights and form a rural land stock cooperative. Local officials generalize their image as "land changes into equity, farmers become shareholders, land is not cultivated, and profits are paid dividends".

It is understood that Yangzhou, Suqian and other places in the name of farmers' professional cooperatives for industrial and commercial registration, established the legal status of land stock cooperatives.

However, this practice has been controversial. Some scholars believe that it is neither "share" nor "cooperation". In the actual operation process, there has been a situation of "flickering" farmers' equity.

"We require (company) to have a bonus at the bottom, and not to take up the liquidation of the land at the time of liquidation, which is the two bottom line."

A local official said.

It is understood that this experience in risk prevention has been learned by some cities in Shandong.

The guidance will also regulate all kinds of bad circulation behavior.

"We should give full play to the basic role of market mechanism in land circulation, respect the main position of contracting farmers, prevent forced circulation, and take the following indicators and tasks to promote circulation."

Yuan Huimin, chief of the Ministry of agriculture, said in December 24, 2010.

At present, the Ministry of agriculture, the office of the central rural work leading group and the Legislative Affairs Office of the State Council are studying the specific policy implications of the "long standing" policy of farmland management rights, and many important issues such as mortgage, equity, and exit will be clarified in the guidance.

The provinces are also concentrating on solving the remaining problems of the two round of agricultural land contract, and completing the basic registration work of land contract confirmation, so as to stabilize the rural land contractual relationship and further eradication of the "chaos" of rural land pfer.

Gradual way

Behind the speed of the pfer of farmland management rights, there are actually differences between theorists and politicians on a series of major issues.

For example, how to look at the relationship between family decentralization and appropriate scale operation, how to improve land revenue and how to achieve agricultural modernization under decentralized management system?

Xu Xiaoqing emphasized that the basic position of household contract management should be adhered to.

He believes that the scale of farmers is too small for China's national conditions and not for policy reasons.

At present, the average household size of China is less than half a hectare (about 7.5 acres). It is also a small peasant country, with an average area of 1.68 hectares, which is more than three times that of China.

The United States, Europe, Australia, South America and other countries and regions are bigger and hundreds of hectares.

Those who oppose decentralized management believe that the scale of Chinese farmers is too small and the degree of organization is low. In the face of the huge market, farmers are very vulnerable, and scattered plots are also not conducive to the use of machinery and technology.

To realize the modernization of agriculture, we must take the scale management and pfer the land in large quantities.

There are many famous scholars and government officials in this regard who take the road of modern agriculture abroad as a blueprint. They insist that expanding scale operation is the fundamental way.

However, some departments involved in drafting documents in the central rural agricultural field, such as the China Agricultural Office, have different views.

center

rural work

Chen Xiwen, director of the leading group office, told the "finance and economics" reporter that land as a production factor must pursue its high efficiency. "Therefore, land circulation and centralized scale operation are our pursuit.

But for farmers, it is not only a factor of production, but also a way of existence, life style and social organization.

There is also a view that agricultural modernization can not be equated with the scale of land management. It is also the East Asian society. It is also faced with contradictions between people and land. Japan also adopts decentralized household management, but its agricultural modernization is very high.

Scale management is a way to realize agricultural modernization, but it is by no means the only way.

In the decision-making level, the expansion of agricultural production scale must be synchronized with urbanization.

But a reality is that over the past more than 10 years, some farmers who have gradually left the rural land have not settled down in cities, so they have to keep the land as the final guarantee.

Chen Xiwen believes that at the present stage of China, there is no way to pursue the same pattern as the United States and the north and the south.

We should proceed slowly from China's national conditions and from the current stage of China's development.