To Eradicate "Labor Shortage" Is To Change The Population Structure.

In March 26th, Fang Gang, vice president of the China Economic Reform Research Association, said at the "12th Five-Year" Town Planning Development Forum opened in Shanghai. At the same time, he pointed out that scholars are keen to discuss " Lewis turning point "In the final analysis, it is not the issue of population, but rather the issue of population. population structure Problem.

The change of China's population structure is related to the long term low fertility rate. The low population policy of low fertility affects the pace of urbanization in China.

First, the urban policy fertility rate is lower than that of the rural areas, and the proportion of the urban population in the national population is correspondingly reduced, which in turn reduces the urbanization rate, and it is counter urbanization.

Two, urban residents only allow one child, which leads to a sharp increase in the aging population, increased burden on the elderly, increased taxes, rising cost of living, declining vitality of the city, and the attractiveness of young people in rural areas.

The three is that most families in the countryside are one to two, with family size decreasing and aging increasing. The cities mainly hope that the young labor force in the countryside will move in instead of wishing their families to move in, especially if their old people are hard to move in. This makes it difficult for young people in rural areas to settle down in cities and provide support for their parents. In particular, if the children of one family are moved out, the elderly at home will not be able to fulfill their obligations if they are empty nest. And children need to bring the elderly into the city, without social security, the predicament is obvious.

Four, with the improvement of the standard of living in rural areas, the demand for non-agricultural labor, such as the second industry and the third industry in the rural market, is also increasing, which will play a role in the rural labor force. Moreover, due to long-term low fertility rate, the number of young labor force in rural areas is decreasing.

Five, because of the restriction of the household registration system of two yuan, the young people in rural areas did not plan to settle in the city. Over the years, many migrant workers have made money, and new houses and other fixed assets have been purchased in the countryside. It is not realistic to let them abandon their families and come to the cities alone. Even if they want to move out, they must first sell the assets such as houses built for sale, but it is very difficult, because almost no one will take up the market because of the declining number of young people in the countryside. How many people are willing to dispose of their homes or discounts to go to the city alone?

Six, the urban living environment is poor, and the gap between urban and rural areas is shrinking. Such problems as rising prices of urban basic life products, rising house prices, food safety problems, the lack of men and women, and the difficulty of getting married, have hindered the rural young people's yearning for urban life. These, I feel from the contact with some migrant workers. They believe that their lives are better than those of ordinary citizens in the city, because many of their living materials are self-sufficient, and they can eat green food. They do not have to spend money like the city people go out and have no spacious home buildings.

The main reason for labor shortage is the drastic change of population structure and the sharp decrease of young labor force. On the other hand, with the improvement of living standards, the consumption demand of China is increasing, and the demand for labor force has increased correspondingly. One minus one plus one goes up. Labor shortage It's getting more and more intense. To solve the labor shortage, we need to consider population policy.