Labor Shortage In Coastal Areas Has Become Normal.

With the development of reform and opening up and industrialization and urbanization, a large number of rural surplus labor force has been transferred to non-agricultural industries and towns. The exertion of the advantages of labor resources has provided an important support for China to become a "world factory" and a trading power, and has created more opportunities for increasing farmers' income. At this stage, the "labor shortage" in the coastal areas has become the norm. The strategy of Northeast revitalization, the rise of the central region and the development of the western region has been thoroughly implemented. The county economy has continued to develop, and the mainland development has ushered in new opportunities. The transfer of rural labor force is no longer just a "southeast flight", and there are more choices. Are there any surplus labor force in rural areas? Let's look at the survey of journalists in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and Hubei.

- quantity -

The rural labor force is still in excess, but the supply and demand of labor force is changing from oversupply to oversupply and shortage of structure.

In July 4th, the Wuhan Yichang Expressway entered Qianjiang, not far from Yali. Clothes & Accessories The textile production area of the company. The 8 groups in the workshop were all started and busy. Chen Mingquan, general manager, said: "this year is the best year for recruitment in the past 5 years, and the eighteen day of the first month is full. staff More than 200 more than last year.

Is the recruitment situation so optimistic that labor supply has increased? "Garment processing" labor-intensive enterprises began to shift from the eastern coast to the mainland, and Qianjiang took the opportunity to undertake industrial transfer. This is the backdrop. Moreover, in recent years, enterprises have begun to raise wages for workers, and are now close to or reaching the coastal level. Chen Mingquan is awake to this understanding.

that The labor What is the supply situation? Reporter survey found that in recent years, Qianjiang's new-born labor force showed a decreasing trend. According to statistics of relevant departments of the city, from 1997, the natural population of Qianjiang was born into a stable and descending channel. In the 31 villages of Hao Kou Town, there were primary schools in the past villages, and only 4 left after the merger. In 2001, Zhang Jin town had 22 primary and secondary schools and 6700 students, but now there are only 6 students and more than 4000 students. With the number of students entering the University increasing year by year, the right age workforce is gradually decreasing. Qianjiang technical school was once full, and now it is also in a shortage of students.

The reporter's investigation in Inner Mongolia seems to show the same result. According to a data provided by the Zhungeer Qi Employment Bureau in southwestern the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, as of the end of 2010, the total number of household registered population was 307 thousand and 900, of which 228 thousand and 300 were agricultural population and 79 thousand and 600 were urban population. The total number of labor force (16-60 years old) was about 199 thousand, of which 144 thousand were rural labor force. Among the 144 thousand rural labor force, most of the people who are still engaged in agriculture are rural population over 50 years old, accounting for about half of the total labor force. About 50 thousand people have transferred to the two or three industry. Ren Erhu, director of the Zhungeer Qi Employment Bureau, said, "taking into account the statistics of the students who are over 16 years of age in the labor force statistics, the rural labor force in Zhungeer Qi has basically transferred employment."

Ren erhu said, according to statistics, Zhungeer Qi rural household registration population below 16 years of age is 38 thousand people, if the birth rate is maintained at present, then the annual population of about 2400 people. Judging from the momentum of rapid economic development in Zhungeer Qi, it is not difficult to add corresponding jobs every year. At present, the total number of foreign labor force employed in Zhungeer Qi has reached 28 thousand. By contrast, the number of migrant workers working out of rural areas is negligible. For a part of Zhungeer Qi, the fact that labor supply has shifted from unlimited supply to limited supply has become a reality.

The process of industrialization and modernization in China is accompanied by the transfer of rural labor to the two or three industry and towns. The transfer of surplus labor in rural areas has experienced the transfer from the township enterprises to the nearest ones, and the cross region flows to the two or three industry of the city. In recent years, "labor shortage" has become normal in coastal areas such as the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta. There are also many "recruitment difficulties" in some parts of the mainland. Although there is still controversy over whether the "Lewis turning point" has arrived, there is basically a consensus on the new characteristics of the transfer of rural labor force and the supply of labor market.

At present, although China's rural labor force is still in excess, the supply and demand of labor force is changing from oversupply to oversupply and shortage of structure.

Faced with the problem of employment pressure and structural shortage, experts suggest that through industrial policies, employment services, education and training, rights and interests protection measures to guide farmers to go out to work in an orderly way, encourage farmers to transfer jobs nearby, support migrant workers to return home and start businesses, promote employment through entrepreneurship, and transfer rural labor force in multiple channels. {page_break}

- direction -

From the past single to the economically developed coastal areas, it has become a two-way flow of migrant workers and returning home employment, which includes both the reasons for the enhancement of the employment capacity of the Midwest economic development, and the reasons for the labor force itself and family reasons.

Li Fu, 28, is a farmer in Liu Qing Liang village, Xue Jia Wan Town, Zhungeer Qi, Inner Mongolia. Last year, he resigned from his job in Zhangjiakou, Hebei, and returned to his hometown to run coal transportation, thus ending his 7 years of working life.

"Before working, the monthly salary is about 2000 yuan, and there is little left to lose daily expenses. This is not a long way to go. Li Fu, who looks forward to becoming a family member, reveals his voice to reporters. Seeing that many people in the village had made money by running and transporting, he also moved back home.

Running transport needs to buy a car. Li Fu, who works for many years, does not have much savings. His relatives and friends can not help him. So he made use of agricultural loans as a down payment, and bought a car with a value of about 300000 yuan on the installment payment.

Over the past year, the gross income of Li Fupao's transport has been about 200000 yuan, and the monthly repayment of loans and costs have been deducted. Although there are not many left behind, he still has confidence in the future. "Three years later, the car is its own; after five years, it will be fine to save about one hundred thousand."

Li Fu was just a member of the army returning home. "Qianjiang tailor" also began to return to the countryside. Hubei, Qianjiang, a town of clothing, gradually got rid of the embarrassment of "not getting the tailor". "Inflection point appeared in the past 35 years. "Qianjiang municipal Party committee secretary Zhu Hanqiao said.

Zhang Jin Zhen is the birthplace of the contemporary "Qianjiang tailor". Before 2008, there were 105 clothing enterprises founded by Zhang Jinren in Shenzhen, most of which led to 23 thousand employment of Qianjiang migrant workers, of whom more than 10 thousand came from Zhang Jin Zhen. In those years, six to twenty-five every year, almost every day, buses transported migrant workers to coastal areas such as Guangdong. The main street of Zhang Jin Zhen has become a parking lot, and the convoy stretches for several kilometers. All cadres in villages and towns went to the streets to maintain order. At most, they sent 100 buses a day.

As a monitoring point for the orderly movement of rural labor force, Qianjiang has transferred about 220 thousand rural labor force in recent years. The income of migrant workers has become an important support for increasing farmers' income. The labor and Employment Administration of the city reckoned that the average household earned 15 thousand yuan per year. Before and after 1996, a large number of enterprises in Qianjiang were restructured, and the local army could not absorb them. The one hundred thousand armies went out of Qianjiang and moved one-way to the east coast. Since 2004, the development of county economy in Qianjiang has been more and more active. The traditional textile and garment industry has been revival, and the number of local workers has begun to increase, and the total scale of going out has stabilized. At present, there are 59 thousand migrant workers nearby.

Yu Aimin, a rural Research Office of the Hubei provincial Party committee, said: Hubei, located in the central part of the country, is a major province of labor export. At present, the majority of employment is still outside the province. With the transfer of industries, employment in the province has increased and some migrant workers have returned. We encourage migrant workers to go out, open their eyes and make big money.

The increasing number of migrant workers returning home for employment reflects, on the one hand, the improvement of the local economic situation and the improvement of their employment environment. But there are also some reasons for the work of migrant workers, Wang Wenchun, director of the office of Zhungeer Qi Employment Bureau, said. First, with the increase of age and economic strength, some migrant workers are no longer willing to work for their employers.

Many migrant workers choose to return to their hometown because of their poor working environment. For example, Wang Wenchun said that the matching of the safety protection facilities in the construction work is related to the personal safety of the migrant workers. However, in the survey of migrant workers, nearly half of the migrant workers did not get enough safety facilities. In addition, the monthly salary level of most migrant workers is lower than the average level of the industry, and the basic living conditions of migrant workers can not be practically guaranteed.

Whether migrant workers go to work in cities to sign labor contracts has a significant impact on the return of migrant workers. "Many migrant workers have not signed corresponding labor contracts, employers do not pay insurance for migrant workers and so on. Migrant workers are not satisfied with the desire to protect their rights and interests, and they will also return migrant workers. "Wang Wenchun said. In addition, boys and girls of marriageable age have contributed to the return of some migrant workers. {page_break}

- Future -

The development of county economy provides an important opportunity for migrant workers to go back to their hometown to start their own businesses. The transfer of surplus rural labor force also brings new changes to the development of county economy.

Zhungeer Qi's agricultural foundation is weak, plus ten years of drought, agricultural production income is relatively low, and farmers' overall living standard is low.

Since the 80s of last century, many rural surplus labor have gone out to work. Most of their jobs are in Hohhot, Baotou, Dongsheng and other places, and some go to Beijing and the southeast coast.

Since 2004, as the coal market has improved, Zhungeer Qi has made full use of its advantaged coal resources. With the development of the two industry such as coal, electricity and coal chemical industry, the rapid development of the three industries, such as transportation, commerce, catering and advertising, has not only created a large number of jobs for local labor force in urban and rural areas, but also provided employment opportunities for a large number of migrant workers. At present, the total number of rural labor self-employed has reached more than 20 thousand, and the two or three industry has absorbed nearly 30 thousand workers.

Liu Qing, 21 years old, is a plum village in Qianjiang. I have been in Shenzhen, Changshu and other places for many years, and now I am working in a garment factory in Qianjiang. He keeps fashionable hair and speaks Putonghua. Although the factory provides room and board, he has to ride a 20 minute electric bicycle home every day after work, because he feels that he eats well and is more free at home. Liu Qing had 2 acres of farmland and asked about farming. The young man shook his head in embarrassment. "I will not plant any more. "

Reporter observed that at present in Qianjiang, land scale operation has not yet formed a climate. Xu Guoliang, deputy mayor of Hao Kou Town, said that according to the state's policy of benefiting farmers, every year there are about 120 yuan subsidy for every acre of farmland, plus three hundred or four hundred yuan per year for rent per mu. At present, not only after 90, some 70 migrant workers will not be reluctant to farm, but the future land transfer is a trend.

In Zhungeer Qi, the transfer of a large number of rural labor force promoted the transfer of rural land. Zhang Jun, Secretary of the five party branch of Yao village, told reporters that the village had 2588 workers transferred and 22678 acres of land transferred. At present, the per capita net income of local farmers is mainly composed of wage income, land rental income and so on, and the total income can reach more than 10000 yuan.

"Wherever you make more money, you can go anywhere!" some young migrant workers in Qianjiang, who had fought in many coastal cities, spoke frankly.

Yu Aimin, a rural Office of the Hubei provincial Party committee's Political Research Office, said: no matter which generation of migrant workers, they are rushing to the money. However, compared with the previous generation, the concept of the new generation of farmers has been "reborn".

In recent years, during the Spring Festival, cars with licenses all over the country have been opened to Qianjiang. The Gaestgiveriet Hotel is always full, and the group meals should be ordered more than 2 months ahead of schedule. These are the scenes that people who go out to work to bring back to Qianjiang for the new year. They want to get together with their relatives and friends, but they do not want to adapt to the "old house" in the countryside. Some people began to buy houses in Qianjiang, and brought the elderly in the countryside to their old age. A residential house has been sold out, but in the long run, many of them are bought by migrant workers. Therefore, some people in Qianjiang complain that they have raised the prices here.