Transportation Knowledge Of Foreign Trade Freight Forwarding And Loss Of External Risks

< p > > a href= "http://sjfzxm.com/news/index_q.asp" > maritime risk < /a > will also cause expenses, mainly including rescue and salvage costs.

The so-called rescue cost refers to the expenses incurred by the insured or his agent or the assignee of the insured in the event of a disaster in the scope of the insurable liability, in order to avoid or reduce losses.

The so-called salvage fee refers to the reward paid by the rescued party after third effective measures have been taken by the insurer or the insured.

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< p > loss of carriage of goods by sea is also known as Average. It refers to the loss caused by marine risks in the course of carriage of goods, and the loss also includes the loss of goods in the process of land pportation and inland river pportation linked to the sea.

Sea loss can be divided into total loss and partial loss according to the degree of loss.

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< p > total loss, also known as total loss, refers to the total loss, total total loss and constructive total loss of the insured goods.

Actual total loss refers to the total loss or deterioration of goods and no longer any commercial value.

Constructive total loss refers to the damage of goods after being subjected to risk, although the actual total loss is not achieved, but the actual total loss is unavoidable, or to avoid the actual total loss and the cost of continuing to deliver the goods to the land of the day, which is more than the actual total loss and constructive total loss, part of the loss.

According to the cause of loss, it can be classified into general average and particular average.

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In the course of ocean pportation, when ships, goods or other properties are in common danger, special sacrifices and special payments that are directly caused by means of reasonable rescue measures are called general average in order to relieve common danger. P

After the general average of the ship has occurred, the expenses and sacrifices within the scope of general average may be assessed by the general average, and the relevant beneficiaries (i.e. the ship, the cargo and the freight revenue side) shall be apportioned according to the value of the rescued value, and then claim against the respective insurers.

The factors involved in general average allocation are rather complicated and are usually adjusted by special average adjustment agencies (Adjustment).

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< p > do not have the general average nature, and the loss that has not reached the total loss is called the particular average.

The loss only involves unilateral loss of interest of ship or cargo owner < /p >

< p > in accordance with the insurance regulations, all losses and general average losses caused by maritime risks are covered by the insurer, regardless of the type of insurance.

In case of presumption of total loss, the insured may choose to claim a total loss or partial loss as the goods are not completely lost.

In the event of total loss, the insured shall submit a notice of abandonment to the insurer.

If the ownership of the residual object is delivered to the insurer, it can be compensated according to the total loss after the insurer has accepted it.

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< p > the insurance industry divides the risk of carriage of goods by sea into marine risks and external risks.

Risk is the cause of loss.

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< p > marine risks include natural disasters and accidents.

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< p > natural disasters, only bad weather, thunder and lightning, floods, ice drift, earthquakes, tsunamis and other human irresistible disasters, rather than disasters caused by general natural forces.

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< p > accidents, mainly including major accidents such as grounding, reef, sunk, collision, fire, explosion and missing.

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< p > external risks refer to all kinds of risks other than marine risks, which are classified into general external risks and special external risks.

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< p > general external risks.

It refers to theft, fragmentation, leakage, contamination, moisture, heat, flavour, rusting, hook damage, short amount, fresh water and so on.

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< p > special external risks, mainly refers to the risks caused by military, political and administrative decrees and other causes, resulting in the loss of goods.

Such as war, strike, delivery, refusal and so on.

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< p > the object insured by insurers is the object of insurance.

However, the insured is not the insurance object itself, but the insurer's interest in the insurance object. This interest is called insurance interest.

If the insured does not have an insurable interest in the subject matter of the insurance, the insurance contract shall be invalid.

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< p > international freight insurance, like other insurance, must be insurable for the insured.

This insurable interest is reflected in the ownership and risk liability of the insured object in international freight.

Transactions concluded in the form of FOB, FCA, CFR and CPT shall be borne by the buyer after the goods pass the ship's side.

Once the goods are damaged, the buyer's interest is lost, so the buyer has insurance interest.

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