Problems In The Analysis And Development Of China'S Carbon Fiber Industry

From the perspective of the carbon fiber industry chain, China's listed enterprises in the field of carbon fiber are: raw silk producer Qifeng chemical fiber, raw steel carbonization enterprise in steel charcoal and blonde technology, carbon fiber prepreg and composite material production enterprise, Yuan Yuan shares and aerospace composite material enterprise Bo Yun new material.

According to US companies, the global sales of carbon fiber tow will increase from 1 billion 600 million US dollars in 2011 to US $4 billion 500 million in 2020, and the sales of CFRP will increase from US $16 billion 110 million in 2011 to US $48 billion 700 million in 2020.

Carbon fiber industry chain

Carbon fiber is an inorganic polymer fiber containing more than 90% carbon. It has many excellent properties, such as high strength, high modulus, high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, friction resistance, heat conduction and conduction.

Carbon fiber is an indispensable strategic new material for national economy and national defense construction. It has wide application in aerospace, automobile industry, wind power generation, oil field drilling, carbon fiber composite core cable, building reinforcement, recreation and leisure, medical equipment and so on.

It mainly includes 5 links: raw silk, carbon fiber, intermediate material, composite material and downstream application.

Raw silk

Raw silk is the key technology for developing and producing carbon fiber. High quality carbon fiber comes from high quality raw silk.

The preparation of precursor consists of polymerization and spinning. The spinning technology is divided into wet spinning, dry spinning, dry jet wet spinning and melt spinning.

At present, wet spinning is a widely used spinning technology in the world.

Dry jet wet spinning is a new method combining dry and wet methods. The spinning speed is 5-10 times higher than that of wet spinning, which is gradually replacing the wet spinning technology.

Carbon fiber

Carbon fibers were prepared by pre oxidation, carbonization and post treatment.

Among them, pre oxidation plays an important role in the preparation of carbon fiber.

Carbonization is divided into two stages: low temperature carbonization and high temperature carbonization. The carbonization temperature at low temperature is 300 C -1000 C, and the high temperature carbonization temperature is 1000 C -1600 C.

Carbon fiber post-treatment methods include electrochemical oxidation, liquid phase oxidation, air oxidation and plasma oxidation.

In order to protect the surface of carbon fiber and reduce the breakage of wool and monofilament, a layer of epoxy resin adhesive is needed on the surface of carbon fiber, that is, sizing.

Intermediate materials

Prepreg is the intermediate material formed by impregnating carbon fibers in resin.

Carbon fiber prepreg is an important bridge connecting carbon fiber and composite material. It can feedback fiber quality information to fiber production department in time, and assist fiber department to improve process performance.

Entering the field of composite materials can not only increase the added value of carbon fiber, but also reduce the impact of fluctuations in the carbon fiber market on enterprises.

Composite material

The prepreg was heated and solidified by laminating, winding and so on to obtain the composite material.

Carbon fiber reinforced composites mainly include carbon fiber reinforced resin matrix composites, carbon fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composites, carbon fiber reinforced metal matrix composites and C/C composites.

Among them, carbon fiber reinforced resin composite material accounts for more than 90% of the market share, is the main application market of carbon fiber, and the quality requirement of carbon fiber is higher.

Application

The application fields of carbon fiber are mainly 3 parts: aerospace, industrial application and sports leisure.

Globally, carbon fiber accounts for 61% of the general industrial applications, about 22% of aerospace and 17% of sports leisure.

The international market of carbon fiber has been monopolized by Japanese and American enterprises. In recent years, the carbon fiber industry of emerging countries such as Turkey, Korea, Saudi Arabia and China is rising.

Industry bottleneck

Because

The particularity of the application field of composite materials, foreign monopoly on high performance carbon fiber technology and high-end process equipment, and dumping of low-end carbon fiber products to China.

Japan and other large foreign enterprises occupy more than 95% of the world's carbon fiber market, and use their technology and scale advantage to lower prices, resulting in domestic enterprises forced to cut prices.

After stable production of one level carbon fiber in China, the price of foreign enterprises dropped sharply.

For example, the price of T300 products in 12K in 2010 was 240 thousand yuan / ton, and in 2012 it dropped to 120 thousand yuan / ton.

Under the influence of low price dumping and malicious bidding, and the small and scattered state of China's carbon fiber enterprises, the quality is not stable, and the production cost is higher than the price of imported similar products. The whole industry is in a state of loss.

The fluctuation of the price of upstream carbon fiber has a great impact on the cost of downstream composite materials enterprises, which has restricted the healthy development of China's carbon fiber composite materials industry.

In addition, as the carbon fiber projects in Turkey, South Korea, Russia, India and Saudi Arabia have been put into operation one after another, and with the gradual release of domestic carbon fiber production capacity, the competition in the carbon fiber market will become more brutal.

According to the analysis and Competitive Research Report of fiber textile industry, China

There are such problems as weak self innovation capability, backward key technologies, weak composite materials industry and lagging market application.

Carbon fiber industry's development, production and application are out of step, and the unsmooth industrial chain is a major bottleneck restricting the healthy development of China's carbon fiber industry.