The Nylon Hall Was Once Witnessed By The Textile Traders. Guangzhou'S Weaving Industry Is Flourishing.

Nylon Hall

"Brocade" refers to the ancient gown.

And "Lun" refers to a ribbon of silk used by officials, a ribbon of silk.

Nylon symbolizes the bright and beautiful life scene.

In the south of Liwan District's Kang Wang Road, there is a ancestral hall with a history of more than 300 years.

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The polyamide hall is the venue for the gathering of the boss of the old Guangzhou textile industry (that is, nylon line). It is also the only surviving industry hall in Guangzhou.

Today, it has become Guangzhou.

The museum records the vicissitudes of Guangzhou's silk weaving industry.

Polyamide hall in nylon Hall

Duan Gu

The pocket stone tablet is like a "property certificate".

The polyamide hall was built in the first year of Qing Yong Zheng (1723). It has been renovated several times, and is a provincial cultural relic protection unit.

Originally located at No. 21 new street, West nine road, it was located in the present position because of the construction of Kang Wang Road and its total northward and westward shift of more than 100 meters.

Nylon hall is not big, hiding in a high-rise building.

The nylon guild hall faces south, the museum occupies 692 square meters, the structure is three temples and three enters the ancestral hall type building, its stone carving, the wood carving and the pottery sculpture, the ash modelling, manifests the south of the Five Ridges architecture's intelligence and the beautiful, also has 21 steles in the Museum, records the guild hall's history.

These inscriptions on the walls on the sides of the first and second Hall of the guild hall are a complete and systematic account of the building, construction and construction of the guild hall, as well as the last maintenance of Guangxu in two years (1876).

Guild hall rules and unique financial operation mode are also recorded in detail, as well as the full text of the government's ruling that reflects the contradiction between labor and capital that the "mechanic" (the western family) sued the "machine family" to deduct wages from the Qianlong years.

The inscription material fills the historical blank of the guild hall, and has a special value for studying the development of silk handicraft industry and foreign trade relations in Guangzhou during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.

One of them is Yong Zheng's nine year "polyamide master's inscription", which describes the establishment of the polyamide hall and the flourishing of silk weaving industry in Xiguan area.

The full text of the monument is 7000 words, and only 1338 of the business numbers (including the names of people) are recorded.

Among the numerous steles, a small stone tablet with a size of only 600 square centimeters is particularly precious.

Reporters saw that this "nylon guild hall tablet" embedded in the first East gallery wall, neither a tablet nor carved an era, the content is very interesting.

The inscription reads, "the polyamide hall was founded in the first year of Yong Zheng.

It was built in the first year of Qianlong in the year of the first year of the Shang Dynasty.

After that, the sky canal was left outside; the front aisle was wide to the wall; seven weeks, the pavilion shed a drop of water outside the wall.

Fear of being occupied by people for a long time is why it is so clear that the neighbourhood is safe. "

"A handful of 92 words."

The information about the creation, expansion and red line is clear and the amount of information is very large.

The inscription is marked by the "drop of water outside the wall" used by people at that time to indicate the scope of the polyamide hall, which is like a "property certificate".

Pocket stone tablet embedded in the nylon hall and the first East gallery wall

"Seventy-two tenants" protect precious inscriptions.

These stone tablets can be completely preserved, but also thank the former "guests" in the hall.

In 1958, the Guangzhou Civil Affairs Bureau arranged more than 30 households, more than 100 people in the nylon hall, so that the nylon hall appeared a short "seventy-two tenants" phenomenon.

According to people familiar with the matter, the temporary tenants at that time added a large number of brick and wooden structures in the original room of the guild hall.

All of a sudden, the hall became a "courtyard". The attic, kitchen and sundries came out. In the northwestern corner of the guild hall, sixty or seventy of the two heads of the stove were lined up.

"Perhaps they benefit from the sense of conservation for practical pursuits and plain hazy things, and they cover them with rough grey bricks."

The official said that after the demolition of the illegal structures of the nylon guild hall by relevant departments, the guild hall was basically preserved, and the stele enclosed in the wall was well preserved.

Rules of conduct

Set up "acting value" to collect "Lantern gold".

Reporters from the nylon guild hall set up the introduction of the Guangzhou silk trade special exhibition shows that in the Tang and Song Dynasties, a large number of foreign businessmen went to Guangzhou to buy Silk tea.

At that time, the Pearl River Delta "paddy rice five ripe, silkworm five harvest", to the Ming and Qing Dynasties, silkworm has seven income and eight income, farmers build Mulberry fish pond again, Jiajing and Wanli years, silkworm breeding has ranked first in agriculture.

In the twenty-two years of Qianlong, three customs offices in Fujian, Jiangsu and Zhejiang were closed, and Guangzhou became the only trading port.

In the ten years of Daoguang, Guangdong only exported 3680 tons of raw silk, accounting for more than 50% of the customs export.

In the prime period of Guangzhou, there were thirty thousand or forty thousand textile handicraft workers. The silk products were popular because of their exquisite quality.

In the flourishing silk weaving trade in Guangzhou, the polyamide hall, as the industry manager, plays a great role in coordinating various relations.

The inscription on Jiaqing two years (1797) shows that there were 4251 households in the silk loom family, and the polyamide hall was divided into 12 shares for management.

"Head" and "head" are responsible for the daily affairs of the guild.

It is understood that there are mainly two kinds of management positions in the polyamide Hall: one is permanent, the first teacher and the main one, and the two owners will have the silk weaving industry to take turns in their seats. They are all called "value affairs". Later, there is a "prime minister" job, they are all unpaid, and the other is temporary.

From the point of responsibility, the teacher will be responsible for the daily management of the guild hall, and collect the "machine family fund" according to the standard of one silver per machine.

In addition, the teachers' Association is also responsible for coordinating the relationship between the silk weaving industry and the western family.

Among them, "Dong Jia Xing" is the proprietor's organization. "Xi Jia Xing" is a worker organization. This also marks the emergence of an organization representing the interests of the proprietors and workers in Guangzhou's silk weaving workshops. The new labor relations in the embryonic stage of capitalism are quietly on the stage of history in the opening of the polyamide hall.

What is "acting value"? It is understood that the "acting value" is set to be one person per person, a total of 12 people. The main responsibility is to assist the owners in collecting the "Lantern gold" of the owners of this unit, and to prepare for the performance during the festival with the value of the nylon main club.

It turned out that the textile handicraft industry in Guangzhou was mostly gathered in Xiguan area in the early years. The medical temple, Jinhua temple and the West Chan temple were almost all computer rooms. Under each loom of the computer room, there was a small depression and hanging stone.

On the 13th day of the eighth month of the Chinese lunar calendar, every year, the inner people beat drums and drums, carrying the pig to the museum to celebrate "master's birthday", and "master" was Zhang Qian.

It is said that the nylon guild hall originally enshrined the wood carving statue of "teacher Zhang Qian".

It is understood that the polyamide hall also participates in the handling of industrial disputes and self-discipline of the artisans and artisans.

In the hall, there was a piece of nylon inscription recorded in Qianlong years, which recorded the two labor disputes and the result of processing.

Originally located at 21 new street, West nine, after the 40 days of plation, jacking and re plation, the nylon guild successfully "walked" nearly 100 meters.

"Cultural relics moving": a precedent for plation of ancient buildings in China

Speaking of the polyamide hall, we have to mention the story of "moving".

In 2001, the king's road was built, and the polyamide hall was located in the central part of Kang Wang Road. It was the demolition and retention, which caused great concern among experts and the masses.

After investigation and research, the plan for the overall shift protection of the guild hall was determined.

This "cultural relic" project has created a precedent for the plation and jacking project of the ancient buildings in China: all the buildings with successful plation are all reinforced concrete frame buildings. The nylon hall is a brick and wood structure. After nearly three hundred years of wind and rain baptism, the damage is very serious and the structural integrity is poor.

According to the records of researcher Hu Xiaoyu, the whole plation process of the nylon guild hall includes the temporary reinforcement and the construction of the track beam before the plation, the whole building moving to the North 80 meters, the whole lifting 1.085 meters, and then moving westward to 22 meters, reaching the new site.

"All the inscriptions in the guild hall are extremely precious cultural relics, and they are the focus of protection in plation.

The staff first put the front face of the stone tablet on Shanghai's cotton, then fastened it to the wall with splint and wood.

In order to prevent the stone from being crushed in the process of moving, the gap between the stone and the wall is filled with river sand.

The staff said that this kind of meticulous preparatory work was worked out without any previous experience, and the practice proved to be successful.

After 40 days of plation, jacking and plation, the nylon guild successfully "walked" nearly 100 meters to its "new home".

It is the first time to successfully move the ancient building with nearly three hundred years of history in the whole country.

After the plation and positioning, the nylon guild hall is north-south and adjacent to the Millennium Temple.

In April 2003, the nylon guild hall was renovated. During the repair process, the staff found that the hall was fragile as a piece of water tofu because of its disrepair. Not only the internal structure was loose, but also many stone columns and walls were seriously skewed, which was serious or even skewed more than 30 centimeters, which belonged to the endangered cultural relic building.

Therefore, the overall strengthening of beams, columns, walls and other architectural decoration components has become the top priority of finishing work, and only this "rectification" work lasted for 1 years.

It is worth mentioning that the important achievement of this decoration is the discovery of 21 historical tablets of 19 sides in the polyamide hall. There are two stele tablets composed of two steles. This has uncovered the mystery of the life of the guild hall and identified the "nylon line".

The architectural style of nylon hall is very characteristic of South of the Five Ridges.

Architectural features:

Old wooden fence door is burglar and cool.

It is understood that the nylon hall is a green brick and hollow wooden structure. The layout is from south to North in order to head gate, patio, central hall, patio and Hou Tang.

Li Jiguang, an expert on ancient architecture in south of the Five Ridges, Guangdong, thinks that there are three main points in the nylon hall.

The first bright spot is ridge ornament "turtle fish beads". Before the restoration of the nylon guild hall, a pottery ridge ornament with only the third roof of the hall was preserved. The rest of the raw materials used for restoration were from the Guangzhou Archaeological Institute and Chen Clan Academy.

The "turtle fish bead" shows the flying turtle, and two long beards extend to the sky, setting off the outline line of the graceful spirit.

"Turtle fish beads"

The second bright spot is the oyster shell patchwork west gate Manchuria window, the nylon hall two lighting windows are located in the back hall, exquisitely carved, originally used countless oyster shells to piece together the west gate Manchuria window type, it can be described as ingenuity.

It is worth mentioning that the old wooden fence type anti-theft door in the guild hall.

According to introduction, the nylon hall has three old-fashioned anti-theft doors. Each door is made up of two parts. It is made up of wooden blocks and 5 long strips of wood to form a wooden fence. The long wood is designed to be round and underneath, with a diameter of nearly 5 centimeters thick.

When used, the long wood is embedded in a predetermined position on the door, and then a small switch above the doorframe is moved, and the long wood is fixed.

As a result, the outsiders can not enter the house, nor can anyone inside the house walk out of the house.

This design not only solves the needs of South of the Five Ridges people in summer, but also has anti-theft functions.

And 5 pieces of wood moved one by one to appear awkward and safe.

Old wooden fence type burglar proof door

Folklore: why does the textile industry regard Zhang Qian as master?

Why did the silk weaving in Guangzhou respect Zhang Qian, who made the western region as the first teacher? Originally, when Zhang Qian was sent to the western region, he was reading a book in the room at night. When he saw the sky slowly sailing into a fairy boat, he went to the moon to see the Moon Palace.

Zhang Qian was very studious, so he asked immortals to impart skills to enable the world to weave bright brocade, and Xian Ji promised Zhang Qian to stay in the sky for several days.

When Yi Cheng parting, a fairy gave a stone to Zhang Qian, saying: This is a gemstone that supports looms. With it, silk and satin can be woven easily.

Zhang Qian brought back the support stone to the world, so that the world had bright brocade.

In order to commemorate Zhang Qian's contribution to the world, the textile industry regards Zhang Qian as his master.