Meaning of rule of writing

The rule of documents refers to the systems and principles that need to be observed in the dealings of official organs at all levels.

To abide by this principle is conducive to the correct direction of official document delivery, the short and effective route, the avoidance of official document travel, and the avoidance of some documents entering unnecessary circulation process, and the suppression of the production of worthless documents.

The rule of writing stipulates the relationship between the authorities at all levels, that is, the relationship between official documents and organs at all levels. It is based on the organizational system, leadership relations and terms of reference of organs.

The working relationship between organs is determined by the factors of ownership, status, duties and rights of their respective organizational systems or professional systems.

It has a decisive influence on the relationship between lines, and stipulates the basic direction of document delivery.

There are several types of working relationships between agencies:

In the first category, there is a relationship between leadership and being led by the higher authorities in the same organizational system.

The second type is that there is guidance and guidance between the superior business department and the subordinate business department in the same professional system.

The third category is the parallel relationship between the same level organs of the same organization system or professional system.

Such as the people's governments of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government.

In the fourth category, no matter between the organs of the same organization system or professional system, regardless of the level, they are not affiliated.

For example, between military organs and local people's governments at all levels.

According to the different working relationship between the official documents receiving and receiving organs, the official documents can be divided into ascending, descending and parallel texts.

Uplink and downlink mainly exist in the first and second types of work relations. The uplink refers to the official documents sent by the subordinate organs to the higher authorities, such as reports and instructions. Contrary to the downside, it is the official documents sent by the higher authorities to the lower levels, such as approval, instructions, etc.

Parallel texts exist in the above third and fourth types of relations. The same level organs and non subordinate organs send documents to each other in parallel, such as letters.

Basic rules of writing

Normal and effective writing should follow the following basic rules applicable universally:

1. Rules for writing articles according to the relationship between agencies and responsibilities.

This rule needs to be clear about two points: first, it is written according to the subordinate relationship between organs.

The higher authorities may give instructions, arrangements and requests to the lower level organs; the lower level organs may report to the direct higher authorities for work and ask for instructions, and the higher authorities shall respond to requests for investigation.

In addition to this layer of relationship, in our country's current management system, there has also been a vertical relationship between the various business departments. Some of them belong to the dual leadership of the government at the level of the government and the higher authorities. Although most of them are not directly related to the leadership, they still have direct guidance and guidance in business, and a direct upward and downward relationship is formed.

Two, it is written according to the scope of responsibility of the agency.

The requirement is that the contents of the articles should be within the scope of the responsibilities of this organ, and should not be exceeded.

If we interfere in other organs' affairs, we will not only be impractical in practice, but will also cause chaos in government decrees.

Of course, there are official documents between departments. They can only be related to work, notification, consultation and so on, and there is no nature of asking for advice, reporting or assigning tasks.

Two. Rules for authorizing documents

This rule is the extension of the last rule.

If the business of a department needs the support and cooperation of the lower level government and the relevant departments, it can be resolved by authorization in accordance with the terms of affiliation and the scope of duties and the time limit for the right to make the request.

Specifically, this department can ask the government at the same level to give instructions to the lower level government after the consent and authorization of the government at the same level.

In the process of operation, the manuscript should be prepared and signed by the head of the Department, and the government at the same level shall be in charge of the examination and approval of the leaders.

Only when the manuscript is approved by the government, can the words "be approved by the government of the * *" in the first article or in the text be printed.

It is particularly necessary to point out that all government offices at all levels have the nature of authorized documents (except for internal affairs).

Offices at all levels and offices in various departments are comprehensive offices of the government and departments. Foreign languages are representative of government and departments. They have the same effect as the documents of the government and the Department at the same level. The subordinate organs (departments) should carry out the implementation.

Three. Rules for joint writing

This rule is still the extension of the first rule.

Between the government and the government at the same level, between departments and departments, between superior departments and lower governments can be united in writing; the government can cooperate with the party committees and military organs at the same level; the government departments and the party committees at the same level and the military organs can jointly write articles; the government departments and the people's organizations at the same level and the institutions that perform administrative functions can join together in writing certain related businesses.

Joint writing can not only link up the ascending text but also downlink the text.

Joint writing should be indeed necessary, and units should not be excessive.

Four. General rule of non leaping text.

It is the principle of first class, one level and one level responsibility.

Under normal circumstances, this principle can not be destroyed and disrupted, causing confusion and affecting the efficiency of the organs.

Therefore, usually do not cross the line.

In case of exceptional circumstances, such as major accidents, flood prevention, disaster relief and other emergencies, or superiors' special handling problems in the field work, they may be leaped in line with special assignments, but they should be sent to the higher authorities that have been crossed.

Otherwise, the authorities concerned can return to the original reporting organ, or they can be treated as a document, and they will not handle or reply.

Five, the rule of not exceeding the right to conduct documents.

In the first rule, it has been explicitly requested to write articles according to the scope of the responsibilities of the organs. If there is any matter involving the scope of duties of other departments and has not been negotiated with other departments, or has not reached an agreement without consultation, it may not be allowed to go down to the downside alone.

If a self written essay constitutes infringement, it will cause many contradictions in the work.

If a higher authority finds such a case, it has the right to order and correct or cancel such documents.

In reality, this kind of situation occurs frequently, resulting in "document fighting" and "going out of politics".

To solve these problems, we should advocate more consultation, dialogue and communication among departments, and solve them through joint documents or authorized texts.

Six, "asking for instructions" does not directly submit personal rules to leaders.

Generally speaking, there are three points: first, the receipt and registration of documents without official secretaries, and the "flow out of official documents" is not known, and the flow of official documents is not known, and no traces have been found. It has become a "broken kite". Two, in the hands of leading comrades, such documents have been very difficult, and no approval has been approved by departments. They can only act on experience and sense, and often lose the scientific nature of decisions. They may also affect the work of reporting units. Three, in reality, some units take direct instructions to the authorities as "Shang Fang Jian", ask relevant departments to ask for money and ask for things, and pressure them on the other side by leading the instructions. "Requesting Instructions" directly sends personal information to leaders.

Therefore, leading comrades generally do not accept instructions from such direct newspapers and return to the secretarial institutions for unified sign, registration and distribution. This leads to the formation of official documents "backflow", which destroys the normal procedures of official document processing and creates unnecessary disorder.

If the leader's personal appointment and consent, and the "request for instructions" reported therefrom, the superior organ should also be sent to the leader's office and make an explanation in the official document.

When the receipt organ is assigned, it will naturally distribute the document to the leading comrade.

Seven, "asking for instructions" should follow the rules of "one thing, one thing" and "one master".

This rule includes three elements: first, one thing and one thing.

Organs or departments have a clear division of labor, each can only handle matters within the scope of their duties. If a few articles are involved, it will inevitably involve several competent departments, which will bring difficulties to official documents. Even if it is reluctantly delivered, no one will take the lead in handling the matter, resulting in mutual buck passing and wrangling.

The two is to ask for official documents to send only one organ.

The content of the request is the matter to be answered, the main sending organ has the responsibility to study and reply.

The relevant organs or departments adopt the form of copying, so that the organizer may seek advice or countersign.

If a multi head is sent, the higher authorities will generally not accept it.

If handled, it will cause mutual disagreement or disagreement among the organs, increase the coordination difficulty and affect the work efficiency.

The three is to copy the subordinate organs at different times.

The content of the request is pending matters. Before the higher authorities have approved it, it will cause unnecessary misunderstanding or contradiction to send copies to the lower level authorities, which is not conducive to the development of the work.

Therefore, the matter must be notified only after the reply or approval of the higher authorities.

Eight. No rules for reporting matters should be included in the report.

"Reporting" and "asking for instructions" are two different languages. The scope of application has obvious boundaries and can not be mixed.

"Report" is to report to the higher authorities, reflect the situation, or put forward opinions and suggestions to the higher authorities for reference by the higher authorities.

The higher authorities generally do not reply to the "report". If the report is entrapped, it is easy to miss things.

If you want to report your work and let your superiors master and ask for solutions, there are usually two ways to solve them: first, separate the "report" and "request" from each other, and form two official documents separately; two, take the request document as the main document, and attach the contents of the report to the appendix as background material, so that the superior can understand the sufficient reasons for the request.

Nine. Rules for handling documents by secretarial institutions in a unified manner

In order to make official documents run according to the normal channels, according to the standard procedures, agencies have special secretarial institutions dealing with official documents or special personnel handling official documents.

The normal process of official documents should be: "collection" shall be signed and accepted by the secretarial institution, and the classification, registration, planning, operation and promotion shall be carried out; "hair" shall be unified by the secretarial institution, and sent to the leader for approval, and then return to the secretarial institution for registration number, printing, proofreading, printing, distribution, distribution, distribution, distribution, distribution, distribution, distribution, distribution, distribution, distribution, distribution, distribution, distribution, distribution, distribution, distribution, distribution, distribution, distribution, distribution, distribution, distribution, distribution, distribution, distribution, distribution, distribution, distribution, distribution, distribution, distribution, distribution, distribution, distribution, distribution, distribution, distribution, distribution, distribution, distribution, distribution, distribution, distribution, distribution, distribution, distribution, distribution, distribution, distribution, distribution, distribution, distribution, distribution, distribution, distribution, distribution, distribution, distribution, distribution, distribution, distribution, distribution, distribution, distribution, distribution, distribution, distribution, distribution, distribution, distribution, distribution, distribution, distribution, distribution, distribution, distribution, distribution, distribution, distribution, distribution, distribution, distribution, distribution, distribution, distribution, distribution, distribution, distribution, distribution, distribution, distribution, distribution, distribution, distribution, distribution, distribution, distribution, distribution, distribution, distribution, distribution, distribution, distribution, distribution, distribution,

In this way, whether official documents are collected or issued, they can be checked by a single official document processing work, so that official documents can run orderly in the organs, standardize handling, improve the efficiency of organs and ensure the quality of official documents.

The rule of the document also states that the party's leading organs can write to the governments at the same level or departments at lower levels according to their work needs, while the government organs shall not instruct and hand in their tasks to the party's organizational documents.

The administrative rules and regulations issued in the approved newspapers and periodicals shall be regarded as official documents, and they may no longer be issued in accordance with the execution.

The issuing organ may print a small number of texts for archival reference.