Xinjiang: The "Fixed Star" Of China's Cotton Industry

　　 cotton It is an important strategic material related to the national economy and people's livelihood and an important raw material for ensuring the sustainable development of China's cotton textile industry, which is related to the healthy development of national security and the leading industry of foreign trade. As the largest cotton producing and consuming country in the world, China's cotton production involves not only the strategic layout and food security of the country's agriculture, but also the regional economic and social development, the employment of people's livelihood and the increase of farmers' income. With the support of the state, Xinjiang has built up a cotton production base with the world's influence and irreplaceable position through the construction of high quality cotton bases, which effectively safeguards the safety of grain and cotton in China. Cotton spinning industry The rapid development has ensured the continuous growth of Xinjiang's rural economy and the continuous increase of cotton farmers' income and played a decisive role.

The high quality cotton base construction project in Xinjiang is a key agricultural project of the national "95", "fifteen" and "11th Five-Year". It is also the only national single item crop that has been supported by the state's massive funds for three consecutive five year plans. The construction of the base reflects the vision of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, and reflects the vision of Xinjiang's cotton development. It reflects the affirmation and support of the national development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of agriculture and the Ministry of water resources on the construction of Xinjiang's high-quality cotton base, marking a major adjustment of China's agricultural production pattern, and further defining the strategic position of Xinjiang's cotton production in the whole country. No matter from the strategic height of ensuring national cotton safety and food security, or from promoting the development of rural economy and building a new socialist countryside in Xinjiang, it is of great practical significance and far-reaching historical significance to continuously and steadily increase the income of farmers.

Through "95", "fifteen", and " The 11th Five-Year "High quality cotton base construction, at present, Xinjiang's cotton area and output remain at 20 million mu and over 2 million 500 thousand tons, accounting for 30% and 40% of the country's total, respectively. Cotton production, unit production and commodity allocation have been ranked first in the country for 17 consecutive years. Cotton spinning processing volume is 4 million spindles, ranking first in the western provinces and regions, and has initially formed the" world cotton situation to see Xinjiang in China and China's cotton market ". Xinjiang's cotton plays an important role in ensuring the safety of cotton in the whole country, especially in stabilizing the area of the main grain producing areas in the mainland and ensuring the national food security. It has made important contributions to the development and maintenance of China's cotton textile industry, and its strategic position has become increasingly prominent.

Prominent cotton in Xinjiang

China is the largest cotton producing and raw cotton consuming country in the world. After years of development, it has formed the development pattern of the the Yellow River River Basin cotton region, the Yangtze River valley cotton region and the northwest inland cotton area dominated by Xinjiang. In 2009, the cotton sown area and total output of the three cotton areas accounted for more than 98% of the whole country, and the three cotton areas showed the trend of constantly concentrating on the Xinjiang cotton area.

As the largest quality cotton producing area in China, Xinjiang has been developing for more than ten years, especially the construction of high quality cotton bases in the "fifteen" and "11th Five-Year". The cotton production capacity and supply level have been further enhanced, the total economic volume has been continuously improved, the quality of raw cotton has been improved comprehensively, and the unique ecological conditions, and the leading domestic and international production technology and technology level have already possessed the scale advantages, industrial advantages and competitive advantages of high quality cotton production. Taking into account the factors of national food security, cultivated land resources, climatic conditions, pests and diseases, and comparative benefits of grain and cotton, the government further promoted the advantageous regional planning of cotton and positioned Xinjiang as the most important cotton belt in China. The strategic position of Xinjiang's cotton production was further determined.

At present, the annual production scale of cotton in Xinjiang is maintained at 20 million ~2200 Mu and total production of 2 million 500 thousand tons. The average yield per unit area of cotton has reached 120 kg / mu, which is 40 kg higher than the national average level, 50 kg higher than the average cotton price in the United States, 67 kg higher than the world average level, and the world record of producing 806 kg of seed cotton per mu has been created. More than 80% of cotton output is sold all over the country every year. Xinjiang has become the largest and most potential commodity cotton base in China, which directly affects the supply and demand of China's cotton market and affects the international cotton price trend.

With the continuous development of China's cotton textile industry, China's cotton demand has been increasing, cotton gap has increased and imports have increased sharply. In 2009, China's cotton imports reached about 3800000 tons, accounting for 37.4% of domestic cotton demand, and cotton safety is facing severe challenges. The cotton growing area in the Yangtze River Valley and the cotton growing area in the the Yellow River River Basin are also the main grain producing areas in China, which will shoulder more responsibilities for food security. Xinjiang cotton region will assume more responsibility for national cotton safety, so as to reduce the pressure of cotton production in the two cotton regions. Therefore, cotton production in Xinjiang is of great strategic significance not only to the safety of China's cotton, but also to food security.

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High quality cotton base with fruitful results

A thin and long water-saving drip tube neatly arranged in the cotton field of the village of taxi River in Bao Jia Dian Town, Manasi county. The farmer Wang Jianbing sat in front of the computer of a duty room beside the cotton field. His eyes were watching the screen and his hands were in accordance with the procedures. The drip irrigation system has achieved computerized automatic control. This 1177 Mu cotton field is one of the cotton fields in the village.

Wang Jianbing said: "farmers are sitting in front of the computer to grow cotton. This is something that they didn't even dare to think about in the past. Since building a high quality cotton base and carrying out water-saving irrigation, the income per mu has increased by three hundred or four hundred yuan over the past. Last year, the average per capita income of farmers in taxi river village was more than 8600 yuan. High efficiency agriculture is really a revolution! "Wang Jianbing's feelings truly represent the feelings of the vast number of cotton growers in Xinjiang.

Manasi county is one of the most realistic beneficiaries of Xinjiang's high quality cotton base construction. The rise of Manasi County high quality cotton commodity base has attracted the leading enterprises such as Australian ocean technology, Xin Ma group, Tun he oil, Fengxiang cotton industry, Tian Jie cotton spinning and other leading enterprises, and has formed lint processing, viscose fiber, spinning, edible vegetable oil, feed production and other cotton industry chain. Cotton accounts for more than half of the per capita income of farmers. Manasi County maintained its first income for more than 10 consecutive years.

Every year, during the harvest season, the towering cotton pits, like snowy white dreams, set up "silver nest" for farmers to become rich. Manasi county leaders talked about the benefits of the construction of high quality cotton base. As the implementation of the cotton project has promoted water-saving irrigation and popularizing fine varieties, on the one hand, the cost and cost of four kinds of cotton, such as water, fertilizer, seed and plant, have decreased in varying degrees, and on the other hand, the cotton yield and the effective utilization area of land have been raised. The county has carefully calculated an account, which can increase the average annual income of cotton per mu by 318 yuan. According to the water saving irrigation area of the county project area, the annual income can be increased by 22 million 400 thousand yuan, and the annual per capita net income of farmers in the whole county will increase by 240 yuan. Now, Manasi County Bao Jia Dian town less than 100 thousand mu of cotton planting area, nearly half of the promotion of water-saving irrigation.

The construction of high quality cotton base in Xinjiang has been listed as a national key agricultural project. It is a major agricultural construction project implemented by the national development and Reform Commission in response to the major adjustment of China's agricultural production pattern and standing at the strategic height of meeting the national cotton strategic demand and promoting the development of Xinjiang's rural economy. The construction of high quality cotton base is closely related to seven major contents: variety optimization project, high efficiency water saving in cotton field, whole process mechanization, pollution-free plant protection engineering, quality inspection system and technical service system. In order to improve the comprehensive production capacity and market competitiveness, the project management and execution supervision are constantly strengthened, and the project organization and management operation system is established and improved. The Xinjiang development and Reform Commission and the construction units in charge of the project actively coordinate, closely cooperate with each other, organize meticulously, improve the scientific level of project organization and management, and ensure the quality and efficiency of the project construction. In 2009, the cotton planting area in Xinjiang increased to 21 million 140 thousand mu, with a total output of 2 million 520 thousand tons, with a yield of 119 kg, which increased by 10 million mu, 1 million 590 thousand tons and 36 kg respectively. Compared with 1995, the cotton planting scale and total production accounted for 28.5% and 40% of the total cotton production area and total output respectively. The output value of cotton was 40 billion yuan, accounting for about 1/3 of the total output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishery and service industries in the whole Xinjiang. It also provided more than one million employment opportunities for Xinjiang. 40% of the net income of farmers in Xinjiang came from cotton income, and the main cotton producing area accounted for more than 60%. The annual income of cotton increased the income of 60~100 yuan for the annual increase of farmers' income, which effectively promoted the great development of Xinjiang's agriculture and rural economy and the steady increase of farmers' income. At the high quality cotton base

Under the correct leadership of the leading group of Xinjiang high quality cotton base and the autonomous region development and Reform Commission, by strengthening the management of project construction and highlighting the key points of construction, the key problems of cotton production in Xinjiang have been solved and the development of cotton industry has been greatly promoted. In the process, the Xinjiang development and Reform Commission attached great importance to the combination of project construction management and production management. It fully drew on the experience of the world bank project organization and management, strengthened the project organization and management operation system construction, established the leading group and set up the project tendering office, the consulting design group, the project supervision office, the evaluation acceptance group, the technology popularization and application office and other departments, and established a complete management system of project management, capital utilization, tendering management, engineering supervision and acceptance operation, and formed a top-down, coordinated project organization and management system with the local (state) and county (City) leading bodies, giving full play to the role of the dynamic tracking system of the project, so that the construction is integrated into the whole service and monitoring, effectively improving the pertinence, timeliness and effectiveness of the project construction. Construction At the same time, the optimized layout and improved seed production of cotton varieties in Xinjiang were initially realized, and the quality and popularization rate of high-quality cotton varieties were comprehensively improved. The quality of Xinjiang cotton was effectively improved, and the high and new water saving demonstration project in cotton fields was implemented. The construction of water-saving agriculture in Xinjiang was promoted in a comprehensive way, and the cotton yield per unit area was greatly increased. The contradiction between supply and demand of water resources was effectively alleviated, and the goal of saving water, saving labor and increasing land for cotton production was realized.

Turning to the fruitful achievements of Xinjiang's high quality cotton base, Liu Yanliang, the vice chairman of the CPPCC autonomous region and director of the autonomous region development and Reform Commission, said with emotion: "the high quality cotton base construction project is a major practice for the state to realize strategic adjustment of grain and cotton safety and layout of agricultural production, and is a major agricultural project for Xinjiang to give full play to its advantages, expand its industries, increase its income and establish its status. The Party committee and the people's Government of the autonomous region have always attached great importance to the project. During the implementation of the project, a leading group of high quality cotton base construction was set up in the autonomous region, and the relevant departments, scientific research units, prefectures (counties), counties (cities) and township (towns) governments and project construction units of the autonomous region have worked closely together, closely cooperated with each other, and meticulously organized so as to put all the construction tasks into effect. The national development and Reform Commission and other relevant ministries and commissions have strongly supported Xinjiang's high quality cotton base construction, organized experts to audit projects several times, and allocated funds on time. The leaders at all levels of the project are also starting from the overall situation, arranging timely matching funds to ensure the quality of the project construction and giving full play to the efficiency of fund utilization, thus becoming the core and key to ensure the smooth implementation of the project and achieve the goal of the project construction.

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Crystallization of sweat and sweat

The high quality cotton base construction project in Xinjiang is a very important project with political and economic significance. The construction of the project is related to the adjustment of the national agricultural production pattern, and the sustainable and stable development of Xinjiang's cotton industry. It is related to the implementation of the strategy for the transformation of advantageous resources in Xinjiang, the development of poor areas, and the increase in production and income of farmers. Whether the project can be approved and approved by the state is crucial.

The "fifteen" and "11th Five-Year" high quality cotton base construction projects were put forward in the special period when the international cotton prices fluctuated fiercely, Xinjiang's cotton sales were difficult and a large backlog and imported cotton surged. Under the direct leadership of the Xinjiang Autonomous Region Party committee and the people's government, the Xinjiang development and Reform Commission organized more than 80 experts from more than 20 relevant units in the autonomous region to go deep into the first line of production and investigate the practical problems in Xinjiang's cotton production. Through investigation, the advantages and capabilities of developing cotton production in Xinjiang were clarified, and the key measures and construction requirements for development were put forward, and the objectives, directions and key contents were determined. On this basis, Liu Yanliang, vice chairman of the Organization experts wrote the "cotton development strategy research", the Xinjiang development and Reform Commission completed the "Xinjiang high quality cotton base construction project plan", compiled the "Xinjiang high quality cotton base construction project feasibility study report". After many rounds of consultation, reporting and improvement in Beijing, it was finally approved by the national development and Reform Commission. Among them, the "fifteen" and "11th Five-Year" high quality cotton base construction projects have lasted for two years, and have completed various types of thematic studies, EIA reports and supporting texts totaling over 700 million words. Various meetings have been held for more than 50 times, and a lot of arduous and meticulous work has been done.

In the process of winning the project, the leaders of the Autonomous Region Party committee and the people's government expressed great concern and support, and personally reported to the leaders of the state and the leaders of the national development and Reform Commission on the construction of the base, which played a crucial role in the approval of the project. Leaders of the national development and Reform Commission and leaders of relevant departments have visited Xinjiang for many times to investigate the construction of high quality cotton bases. It can be said that without the attention and direct participation of the leaders of the autonomous region, there is no concern and support from the ministries and commissions such as the national development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of agriculture and the Ministry of water resources. Without the active cooperation of the regional agriculture department, the water conservancy department, the land and resources department, the environmental protection department, the Academy of Agricultural Sciences, the corps development and Reform Commission, the Corps International Engineering Consulting Company and the relevant departments, all localities (prefectures) and counties (cities), the high quality cotton base project can not be fully implemented in a short time. The establishment of the project has condensed the efforts of leaders at all levels and the vast numbers of scientific and technological personnel in the autonomous region.

The construction of high quality cotton base in Xinjiang fully embodies the concern and support of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council to Xinjiang's cotton development, marking a major adjustment of China's agricultural production pattern, and further defining the strategic position of Xinjiang's cotton production in the whole country. Whether it is from the strategic height of ensuring national cotton safety and food security, or from implementing the strategic layout of national agricultural production and realizing the leaping development and long-term stability of Xinjiang's economy and society, it is of great practical significance and far-reaching historical significance.

Through the construction of high quality cotton bases in Xinjiang "95", "fifteen" and "11th Five-Year", the key problems in cotton production in Xinjiang have been solved, and the development of cotton industry has been greatly promoted. Its main achievements in construction are highlighted in the following six aspects.

1., the cotton production level and comprehensive production capacity of Xinjiang have been greatly increased, and the strategic position and leading role of the national high quality cotton base have been consolidated and strengthened.

Through the "95", "fifteen" and "11th Five-Year" high quality cotton base construction, the overall production capacity and level of cotton in the autonomous region have been promoted. In 2008, the cotton planting area reached 25 million 20 thousand mu, the total output reached 3 million 16 thousand tons, and the average output per unit reached 120.5 kilograms. It was the highest year in the scale, output and unit production level of cotton cultivation in Xinjiang, and maintained the annual output of about 2000000 tons of raw cotton. So as to achieve the strategic goal of "95", "fifteen" and "11th Five-Year", it possessed the advantages and capabilities of large-scale production and high production, and became the largest cotton producing area and commodity cotton base in China which could not be replaced and had the world influence. At the same time, the basic position and pillar industry status of cotton in Xinjiang has been further consolidated and strengthened, which has effectively promoted the development of Xinjiang's agriculture and rural economy and the increase of farmers' income.

2. a good breeding system suitable for arid oasis ecological area was established, which effectively improved the overall quality of Xinjiang cotton.

Through the construction of "95", "fifteen" and "11th Five-Year", Xinjiang has built a national first-class cotton breeding and detection platform and seed industry system. Through the layout of the improved varieties and the layout of the main varieties, the regionalization of the fine varieties has basically been realized. The overall quality of the cotton has been generally improved and the average strength has increased by 0.5~1CN/tex. More than 90 new cotton varieties of different quality suitable for different ecological areas in Xinjiang have been successfully selected, and the quality super long staple cotton Xinhai No. 16 and No. 20, which are comparable in quality to the world's long staple cotton, the best Egyptian product, are 70. At present, the popularization and utilization of new varieties account for 60%~67% of the total cotton planting area in Xinjiang. The popularization rate of the fine varieties is over 92%, and the one or two grade cotton in the commercial cotton accounts for more than 90%, which is 7 percentage points higher than that in 2000, which ensures the remarkable improvement of cotton quality in Xinjiang.

3. focus on the implementation of the high and new water-saving demonstration project in cotton fields, which has fully promoted the construction of water-saving agriculture in Xinjiang and effectively alleviated the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources.

Through the construction of water-saving demonstration projects mainly based on Drip Irrigation under the membrane, the implementation of the new and high water saving demonstration area of 4 million 200 thousand mu in cotton fields has been implemented. The scale of agricultural water saving in Xinjiang has reached about 20000000 mu, accounting for 33% of the agricultural planting area. The purpose of water saving, labor saving and land enhancement for cotton production has been achieved, so that the Mu irrigation quota has been reduced from 500~900 cubic meters per mu to 280~350 cubic meters / mu, and the 5%~7% of cultivated land has been increased. The annual water saving capacity of 6 billion cubic meters in Xinjiang has been promoted, and the rational allocation and efficient utilization of water resources have been effectively promoted.