Wenzhou's Shoe Making Enterprises Are In A Dilemma.

Once, Wenzhou People are concerned about their intelligence and diligence, and they all run factories and businesses. In recent years, they are more connected with speculation and loan sharking. Experts believe that the reason why some Wenzhou entrepreneurs are keen on speculation and usury is a rational response to a given environment and policy. To make industrial profits small, hard to prepare, speculation speculation all profits. This reflects the long-term development dilemma of private enterprises.

The predicament encountered by Wenzhou enterprises is not only a case, but also a Chinese private sector. Economics The future development will face the big problems together. At the same time, it also shows that many institutional and policy problems in China's economic development have come to a point of no solution. Especially those systems and policies that restrict and hinder the development of private enterprises such as shoes need deeper reflection. The state also needs to adjust the current fiscal policy, monetary policy and other policies.

　 Transmutation is due to the rational response to a given environment.

In the early years of reform and opening up and even a few years ago, people in Wenzhou were interested in running factories and doing business. market With the sensitivity and perseverance of diligence, the Wenzhou model has been achieved through imitation. In a few short years, Wenzhou people did not talk about the high profit industries of the four products of lighters, lamps, eyeglasses, shoes, and made Wenzhou's pillar industries. Hu Fulin, who has just returned to the United States for being unable to endure usury, has been called the "king of glasses". However, in recent years, more and more people in Wenzhou are associated with speculative speculation such as usury, speculation and speculation. Some people even say that the high housing prices in many places are fry by people in Wenzhou.

What causes some entrepreneurs in Wenzhou to no longer be keen on doing business and doing business? Instead, they rush to usury and speculate. Li Yiping, a professor at the school of economics at Renmin University of China, told reporters that Wenzhou entrepreneurs suddenly became irrational. Like all ordinary people, they would choose the best plan for themselves under given conditions. Today, there are some entrepreneurs in Wenzhou who are keen on speculation and usury. They are rational responses to the given environment and policies. For those enterprisers who are honest and enterprisers, they have to face many difficulties such as appreciation of Renminbi, rising prices of raw materials, rising costs, raising wages and shortage of labor, which will not make much money in a year. In contrast, it will be much faster to get money to fry a house, buy coal mines, or even usury.

According to reports, the annual profits of some enterprises in Wenzhou reached ten percent, which has been very impressive, and easy to loan or speculation can easily reach twenty or thirty or even forty or fifty. There is a Wenzhou boss doing the real economy. One thousand people's factories are working hard, and the profits are just one million a year. But his wife bought ten Suites in Shanghai and thirty million in eight years.

Predicament is both typical and universal.

Many experts interviewed believe that this year, private enterprises are facing difficulties in financing and financing. This is not only a phenomenon in Wenzhou, but also widespread in other parts of the country. Although the situation in Wenzhou is special and typical, it is also very representative and universal. It reflects the real survival situation of the small and medium-sized private enterprises under the background of changing the mode of economic development and the instability of the international economic situation.

According to a survey conducted by the National Federation of industry and commerce, 90% of SMEs did not get loans. 80% of Zhejiang's small businesses rely entirely on private credit, and 70% of Shenzhen's enterprises have financing difficulties. Gu Shengzu, vice chairman of the Central Committee of the people's Republic of China, found in Zhejiang that private finance in some areas was usurious. Financial two element structure leads to dual interest rate system, that is, official interest rate is low and private interest rate is increasing. State owned enterprises and government financing in the system, the loan interest rate is very low, the current formal system loan interest rate of about 7%. However, private SMEs can only rely on private credit, and interest rates are very high. The highest interest rate of private lending in Zhejiang reached 180%, and the highest in Wuhan and Nanjing was 120%, while the profit margin of SMEs was only 3%.

Zhou Tianyong, deputy director of the International Strategic Research Institute of the Central Party school, believes that the development of private enterprises is also faced with the problem of high tax burden and high administrative costs. Moreover, some government departments have a lot of examination and approval, annual inspection, and administrative interference, so that the hidden costs of private enterprises are greatly increased.

Liu Yingqiu, Dean of the Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, pointed out that in addition to the inconvenience of financing, the problems of social discrimination in the development of private enterprises, inadequate policy support and inadequate support for employment arrangements are becoming more and more prominent.

Liu Yingqiu said that SMEs are the foundation of social stability and the source of entrepreneurial innovation. 75% of China's employment depends on small and medium enterprises, and 90% of new jobs rely on small and medium enterprises. 65% of the whole society's patents, more than 75% of technological innovation and more than 80% of new products are also developed by small and medium-sized enterprises. However, compared with state-owned enterprises, private enterprises have always been in an extremely difficult situation. There is neither financial support nor market demand support. In addition, in recent years, due to the adverse factors such as rising wages and rising raw material prices, private enterprises have encountered quite different difficulties before, so their development is relatively weak.

Zhou Tianyong stressed that if today's private enterprises can not effectively solve these problems, allowing this situation to continue to deteriorate, it will have three adverse effects on the development of private enterprises and the state. First of all, the excessive transfer of manufacturing industry leads to the premature hollowing of the industry when it has not yet fully realized industrialization; secondly, the employment difficulties, the rising unemployment rate, the phenomenon of massive return of migrant workers, and even the possibility of a large number of migrant workers returning home at the end of this year and early next year. Finally, the more the small and medium-sized enterprises fail, the more unemployed people will be, which will further widen the income gap between urban and rural residents. {page_break}

　 Reflecting on the problem is the time to solve it.

Experts believe that the predicament encountered by Wenzhou enterprises is not a case, but should be seen as a big problem facing the future development of China's private economy. At the same time, many institutional and policy problems in China's economic development have come to a point of solution. In particular, we need to reflect more deeply on the systems and policies that restrict and obstruct the development of private enterprises.

Li Yiping said that the principle of "equal access" required in developing the market economy has not been effectively solved for a long time. Equal competition is the essence of market economy, and only fair access can have fair competition. However, to date, despite the introduction of two "non-public economy 36", it is still a big thunderstorm and little rain. Now the problem is implementation, and the implementation of two "36" responsible departments is just vested interests. The central government must push ahead with the implementation of the two "36 points" to ensure the development of private enterprises.

Bao Yujun, President of the China Private Economy Research Association, told reporters that, fundamentally speaking, the main reason for the survival difficulties of private enterprises is that the basic economic system has problems and has not kept pace with the times. The basic economic system stipulates that China is the main sector of the public sector of the economy and the development of a diversified ownership economy. If we take the public ownership as the main body and transform it into public ownership, all problems will be solved. In the government's many papers report, it is proposed to encourage and support the development of private enterprises, but because of the interest groups, these can not be implemented. So what is more important now is to put the policy into practice. To achieve this, we must first reform state-owned enterprises, adjust interests and separate government functions from enterprises.

Li Yiping also believes that this injustice is reflected in the unintentionally favoritism of the state-owned economy. State owned economy can use a lot of resources cheaply, including capital and natural resources. Some state-owned enterprises can get loans from the bank cheaply, and then lend money to them as "two banks".

Liu Yingqiu said that what the society calls "national advance and retreat" is not a national strategic arrangement, but the direction of national policy is indeed easy to create such a feeling. Especially after the 4 trillion stimulus plan for the second half of 2008, a large amount of capital flows to state-owned enterprises and real estate sectors, especially in the central enterprises and state-owned enterprises in 2009. At the same time, the majority of small and medium-sized private enterprises are generally deficient due to their weak guarantee ability, incomplete credit records and so on. The platform mechanism that financing can give is not perfect, and the credit support is very short.

Respond to the government's need for action in the future

Experts believe that how SMEs seek financing, how policies, environment, finance and so on, is no longer a single problem, nor is it a problem in Wenzhou and other regions. It can be said that the solution to this problem in Wenzhou is good, and it has certain reference significance for the development of other local private enterprises.

Li Yiping said that governments at all levels should work hard to create an environment of fair competition and create an atmosphere of encouraging innovation. Chinese enterprises have so far been original, and Wenzhou enterprises have started by imitation. The government should earnestly protect intellectual property rights, protect the innovative interests of enterprises, and encourage innovation. In policy design, it is beneficial for people to take root in industry and transform the way of economic development.

Liu Yingqiu believes that the non-public sector of the economy is an important part of the socialist market economy and has made important contributions to China's economic development. The state should respect the contribution of private enterprises. The state can strengthen financial and tax support for small and medium-sized enterprises by formulating preferential fiscal and tax policies. In the short term, tax incentives for small and medium enterprises will be given to reduce tax burden on SMEs, encourage innovation, support entrepreneurship, and alleviate the cost pressures and burdens imposed by SMEs in absorbing labor. We should upgrade the underground banks, turn black market transactions into white ones, legalize illegal transactions, and reduce excessive interest rates to the average market level that meets the market development rules.

Zhou Tianyong also suggested that in addition to reducing the tax burden on SMEs, the government needs to transform its role, from regulators to service providers, further reduce and simplify administrative examination and approval, resolutely clean up and cancel unreasonable fees, and control fines, random comparisons and arbitrary charges.

Li Yiping believes that for the vast number of private enterprises themselves, they should have a common heart and take root in industry. Industry is the real foundation of a country's economy. Japan, Germany and South Korea have achieved today's success because they all have strong international competitiveness of private enterprises. Hype is not conducive to healthy economic development, nor is it conducive to its own growth and development.

Bao Yujun stressed to reporters: "at present, big private enterprises such as shoes are better. They should take advantage of this opportunity to speed up mergers and acquisitions of small and medium-sized enterprises, and achieve a major reshuffle in some industries and industries.