Under The Pressure Of Export Shoe Enterprises, We Must Learn To Import.

In a sigh of "sad days", what is the situation of export enterprises? Our reporter interviewed Guangzhou's shoemaking, clothing, shipbuilding, automobile and other industries one by one. The survey found that for export oriented enterprises, they are under the pressure of multiple costs, such as energy, raw materials, labor and so on, but it is difficult to improve the factory's ex factory price. In order to get room for survival, enterprises can only keep the remaining profits by continuously reducing market exports.

Closure? Relocation or pformation? It has become a general consideration for large and small export enterprises.

Influenced by this, a large number of rural catering and rental businesses attached to the periphery of the processing trade export enterprises began to decrease and become increasingly desolate.

The shoe industry is facing multiple costs and exports are shrinking. The rapid pit of vehicles from Nansha port of Guangzhou to the Guangzhou Zhuhai east line in Panyu District's ruanzhen town has passed more than 10 kilometers along the way, which has passed smoothly, nine ratio, Sha Jiao and Yan Sha Village. The factory's previous production scene is no longer. The factory gates on either side of the road are empty or locked.

Another more than 10 minutes' drive is the biggest shoe factory in Guangzhou - Chuangxin shoes.

"The profits of Chuangxin are constantly being squeezed, and the endurance of most shoe factories has reached a critical point."

Wu Zhenchang, a Taiwanese businessman who still has more than 16000 employees today, says frankly that the pressure is unprecedented.

Wu Zhenchang calculated a continuous profit reduction account for the author: compared with last year, the RMB appreciation increased by about 6% this year, which is a direct cost increase for businesses in US dollar pactions, electricity bills have risen by about 10%, annual wages for workers have increased by 10%, and workers' social security standards have increased by 10%.

These ratios are plated into specific figures, which are equivalent to nearly half of the profits of enterprises.

Large enterprises can absorb the pressure of rising costs because of their own funds.

Therefore, compared with most traditional shoe making and garment enterprises in Guangzhou, the situation of letter creation is relatively good.

However, in Guangzhou and the Pearl River Delta region, a large number of "three to one subsidy" and traditional small and medium-sized export enterprises, in the context of the appreciation of the renminbi and the adjustment of the export tax rebate policy, have been struggling to cope with the growing huge expenses of land, rent and labor.

Moreover, the sharp rise in the cost of enterprises will also bear the reality that costs can hardly be pferred.

As China's surrounding countries become cheaper to produce local products, once the factory increases the ex factory price, it will be reduced by other buyers' exports.

Guangzhou Shengji shoe industry is a relatively small shoe factory. Its general manager, Yang Junsheng, admitted that in order to cope with the pressure of rising prices of raw materials and various rising costs, enterprises could only cope with the way of raising prices, but faced with a shrinking market after raising prices.

Data show that in the first half of this year, Guangzhou's total import and export growth slowed down both.

Export growth rate dropped by 8.1 percentage points.

The squeeze of profit margins and export markets has brought unprecedented confidence to a large number of export oriented enterprises.

Statistics show that in the second quarter of this year, the confidence index of entrepreneurs in Guangzhou broke six consecutive quarters, the two composite index is highly prosperous.

The clothing industry creates brand: enterprises under the "last Bo" high pressure do not want to move out of the Pearl River Delta market hinterland.

"The government does not encourage this industry, but we upgrade it in environmental protection."

Wu Zhenchang, a powerful foreign investment exporters, is more willing to choose to stay at home and upgrade, but some small businesses who can not afford technological change or environmental protection are thinking about sticking to it for a few days. Yang Junsheng says he thinks so.

Unlike Wu Zhenchang and Yang Junsheng, another type of "three to one subsidy" and traditional export enterprises hope that they can use the past capital and technology accumulation to create their own brand of enterprise products in two or three years.

Lin Xianan, a private enterprise and deputy general manager of Guangzhou Wenhua down, said that the company will invest almost all its profits in its own brand construction this year.

"This is the biggest test, and the last in the clothing industry."

Guangzhou Wenhua down products factory is the largest feather production enterprise in Guangdong province. Its products are exported by 70%, and the down garments of famous brands such as "three SPRIT" and "converse" are mainly produced by OEM.

In July 31st afternoon, Lin Xianan, who was rushed to the interview, told reporters that the reason for the delay in the morning's interview was that the company was pressing ahead with the introduction of new staff salaries. In order to stabilize more employees, the company decided to raise 10% of the salary for the front-line staff before the month's wages.

The main purpose of raising salaries is to "keep people".

Lin Xianan said, "Wenhua feather down last year, the number of staff turnover is about 3%, and this year the proportion rose to 5% to 6%.

Last year, there were more than 3000 employees at most, and only more than 2000 remained this year.

Lin Xianan said that this is the third time that the company has raised salaries for employees this year. Today, the front-line workers in the factory have a maximum monthly salary of 1900 yuan.

In the face of the pressure caused by a series of problems, such as the shortage of labor force and the appreciation of RMB, Lin Xia Nan has made a prediction. This year, the turnover of Wenhua down is at least 20% lower than that of last year.

Last year, the company's turnover was more than 300 million yuan.

This year, their goal is "not losing money".

Lin Xianan's "not losing money" abacus implied the idea of further development of enterprises.

"Now the surrounding garment factories are closing or moving. Our OEM is not a permanent solution."

Lin Xianan said that this year's phenomenon will continue. If the company wants to survive this road, it must find new profit margins, otherwise it will consider turning into a tourism project.

Wen Wenhua's new profit space target market is to make its own brand.

"Wen Hua feather has begun to develop its own brand since 1999, but we have neglected too much of our own brand before waiting until we really can't eat it, so we can wake up the importance of our own brand."

Lin Xianan said that a Maxmara down garment produced by them is priced at more than 20 thousand yuan in the market, and only two hundred or three hundred yuan from Wenhua.

The difference between the "private brand" and "OEM" is the space that the private brand strives for.

Lin Xianan said that the reason why we didn't plan to make money this year is another important consideration that we should put all the profits beyond the cost of eliminating costs into product R & D and marketing.

"We plan to lay the private brand network in three years.

In terms of R & D, Wenhua down has hired a dozen designers and designer assistants in the first half of this year, including several well-known domestic designers.

Lin Xianan said they want to increase their private brand which now only accounts for 5% of the company's total output to three in three years.

"Give the company three years, if three years can not develop its own brand, it will no longer adhere to."

Lin Xianan said.

About the news, the business that is produced by the factory is getting cold and cheerless. For Wenhua down, it may be pferred to other industries in the field.

In the village of fish nest, there are nearly 100 villagers run by restaurants and restaurants, which rely on similar factories such as Wenhua feather down to produce factories with large numbers of foreign workers.

A cadre in Tung Chung Town, who worked for the fish nest, told reporters that there were more than 4000 villagers in the village of fish nest. Most of them used farming as their main business.

Leading enterprises, Wenhua down new and old factories and 11 enterprises have been stationed successively, not only to solve the problem of more than 700 villagers' employment in the village, but also to increase the income of farmers by leasing land factories and opening more restaurants.

Nowadays, the collective net income of Yu Wo tou village is close to 3 million yuan, and the average annual income of villagers is nearly 10000 yuan.

However, the loss of staff from Wenhua feather last year has made the village's catering business no longer the same.

In a small restaurant not far away from Wenhua down factory, the boss told reporters that business has been reduced by at least 20% since the first half of this year.

In addition, many of the factories in the village of yunwo village are also idle because of the actual difficulties of traditional processing enterprises as well as the phenomenon of smooth, nine, Sha Jiao and Yan Sha Village along the Ruyuan town.

As a result, the advantages and disadvantages of the external environment always make the small and medium-sized export enterprises bear the brunt of the impact.

In fact, in this round of environment, the shipbuilding industry, known as the "big name" of China's export industry, is also affected by inflation pressure and foreign trade situation.

Zhang Guangqin, President of the China Shipbuilding Industry Association, said that because the steel occupied 50% to 60% of the raw material composition, the shipbuilding industry profits were greatly affected by the price of raw materials. In addition, when the RMB exchange rate was affected, the order of the Chinese shipbuilding enterprises was mostly signed until 2010, and the orders of individual enterprises were even signed to 2015. The losses caused by the appreciation of the RMB against the US dollar to the shipbuilding industry should not be underestimated.

Among them, as of the end of June this year, the average price of all kinds of ship plates rose from 5800 yuan / ton at the beginning of the year to 7600 yuan / ton, or more than 30%.

According to the calculation of new ship orders at the end of June (plus ship repair and modification, marine engineering, ship segmentation), the demand for marine steel in 2008 was about 15 million tons.

According to the price increase of 1900 yuan per ton, the cost will be increased by 28 billion 500 million yuan.

According to the economic research center of China shipbuilding industry, according to the current production scale and production level of China's shipbuilding industry, the profit of the shipbuilding industry has decreased by 1 billion 81 million yuan, and the appreciation of 2% has caused a direct loss of 2 billion 162 million yuan to the shipbuilding industry by 1% yuan appreciation.

In addition to direct losses, the appreciation of the renminbi will also weaken the competitiveness of the shipbuilding industry, which will adversely affect the undertaking of new ship orders.

Taking a $30 million ship as an example, it is 246 million 300 thousand yuan to be converted into RMB at the original exchange rate. If RMB wants to maintain its original profit margin after the appreciation of the RMB, the quoted price will be 30 million 400 thousand dollars at the current exchange rate.

In Guangzhou, the export industry is not only influenced by the environment of shipbuilding industry.

Automobile manufacturing industry has also been affected by raw material costs and energy costs. In May this year, the output value of automobile manufacturing industry, which accounts for more than 40% of Guangzhou's three pillar industries, was first down.

According to statistics, the growth rate of Guangzhou's auto manufacturing industry in May dropped by 25.9 percentage points from last month.

Chen Yanfeng, an associate professor at the Department of enterprise management of Jinan University, believes that this unprecedented scene is mainly due to the macro policy, the rising price of energy and the inflationary pressure brought by it.

But from the perspective of national macro-economic development, the environment and trend are conducive to economic development. We can adjust the state of money supply, adjust foreign exchange reserves, coordinate the relationship with trade partners, and highlight China's balance in the world economy.

Chen Yanfeng believes that inflation will continue and become even more serious as expected.

Foreign trade enterprises should not only "export", but also learn how to "import" and import the upper end products of the industrial chain. In the adjustment process of import and export, we should strengthen the development of core technology and strive to export high value-added products in the next round of "exports", so that our country can truly move from "made in China" to "created in China".

We should guard against the "hollow" of the rural economy and reduce the number of factory buildings in the village of the Ruyuan town and the decrease in the number of shops in Yu Wo tou village. Professor Luo Biliang, Dean of the school of economics and management of South China Agricultural University, believes that this phenomenon will not be isolated in Guangzhou and the Pearl River Delta region. In the next 35 years, more than half of the rural economy that has long been attached to the "three to one subsidy" enterprises will encounter different situations of income decline.

Luo Biliang believes that for a long time, "three to one subsidy" and traditional export enterprises and their villages are mutually dependent.

On the one hand, a large number of "three to one supplement" enterprises and processing export enterprises rely on cheap labor force, low energy costs and environmental threshold to "make fortune". On the one hand, the rural areas in which they rely on such enterprises, such as rents, housing rents and open shop, form an interdependent economic ecosystem.

"But this year's policy environment and foreign trade environment have broken the chain, without the cost of low-cost labor and the cost of land.

Therefore, it is inevitable for enterprises to survive to the rural economy.

The collective must consider how to deal with this effect early and as early as possible.

Luo Biliang suggested that to prevent the "hollow" of the rural economy that may be brought about by this export enterprise, we must reorganize and optimize the rural industry.

If we continue to continue the economic form of "rentals" in the past, we must follow the idea of industrial clustering, form industrial parks and introduce leading enterprises in related industries, so that enterprises that originally "scattered" can form interrelated industries.