Causes And Countermeasures Of Accounting Information Distortion In Enterprises

The rules of accounting refers to the rules and regulations of accounting information production and disclosure, as well as various related standards.

China's accounting rules mainly include the enterprise accounting system, enterprise accounting standards, and accounting law.

Accounting information regular distortion is a kind of legal accounting information distortion, which is inconsistent with the actual situation of enterprises, which is produced and disclosed according to accounting rules. This kind of inconsistency is caused by accounting rules itself.

The US Enron Corp (Enroncorp), the world's energy giant, filed for bankruptcy in December 2, 2001. It is the largest bankruptcy case in the history of the United States.

The occurrence of this important event has been quite sensational in the accounting field, which has aroused the full attention of the accounting profession, because the Enron incident involves not only the problem of accounting information distortion, but also the serious flaws in the standards and institutional arrangements made by the United States to ensure the authenticity of accounting information. The US Financial Accounting Standards Committee (FASB) also needs to review whether the US accounting standards are adapted to the ever-changing economic environment.

It can be seen that the quality of accounting information in accounting rules is a major topic waiting to be studied in the accounting field.

The reason why accounting information is distorted is that accounting standards and accounting system itself are imperfect, which is the main reason leading to the distortion of accounting information. The existing norms and systems are lagging behind the needs of market economy development.

There are still deficiencies in the formulation of accounting standards. This inadequacy will lead to the distortion of accounting information. This is mainly reflected in the following two aspects: 1, the drafting report of the guidelines has not been fully disclosed, and no relevant content has been disclosed in the draft.

To a certain extent, it is not convenient for the public to integrate their own environment and use their own knowledge to participate in the discussion and formulation of accounting standards more effectively.

2 and China's stakeholders are less involved in the formulation of accounting standards.

Accounting standards setting institutions are not widely staffed, accounting standards may be biased.

For example, at present, the disclosure system of accounting information of Listed Companies in China can not meet the information needs of investors in some aspects, which is an inevitable result that our stakeholders are less involved in accounting rules making.

Two, accounting standards and accounting system itself is not perfect. At present, in order to adapt to the needs of the development of socialist market economy, China has gradually established a modern enterprise system, which requires full autonomy of enterprises. The accounting reform that suits it also requires enterprises to choose larger accounting policies and accounting methods. Accordingly, the diversity and uncertainty of such choices will inevitably lead to the distortion of accounting information rules.

For example, the handling of contingencies in the future requires accountants' professional judgments and rulings. There are many ways to calculate the depreciation of fixed assets and the valuation method of inventory. If different accounting methods are applied to similar or similar economic businesses, it will inevitably lead to incomparable accounting information in different periods of the same enterprise and inconsistent calculation of caliber.

At the same time, as every step of our accounting reform starts from the accounting mode of highly planned and unified planned economy system, some systems still have more traces of planned economy, thus affecting the reliability of accounting information.

For example, the bad debt reserve is extracted according to the proportion stipulated by the state, and the bad debt losses that have occurred must be approved by the financial department before it can be sterilized, resulting in a large number of bad debts being kept for a long time, which impedes capital turnover and leads to insufficient cash flow of enterprises. Some assets that do not conform to the definition of assets, such as start-up expenses and property rights and interests to be processed, are still reflected as assets in the balance sheet, resulting in unreal assets of enterprises.

In the accounting standards and regulations, the disclosure of some important information has not been stipulated or stipulated in three.

1, the prescribed time of disclosure is poor, and the delay of communication brings insider trading and unfair competition, which makes the effectiveness of information products greatly reduced.

2, the provisions of the disclosure is not perfect, such as our existing accounting standards for disclosure of off balance sheet business norms are few or no, making it difficult for investors to make correct judgments and decisions.

3, some accounting information disclosure requirements are not clear or lack of operability.

All kinds of circumstances above may affect the regular distortion of accounting information.

(four) contradictions and inconsistency between new and old accounting regulations and related laws.

With the development of social economy, the changes of internal and external environment and the adjustment of accounting standards, the construction of various accounting laws has lagged behind.

In addition, there is also a lack of coordination and disagreement among accounting regulations, such as between basic accounting standards and specific accounting standards, between specific accounting standards and industry accounting systems, between accounting standards and general financial rules, and between enterprises accounting system and tax system.

In order to improve the quality of accounting standards and speed up the formulation process, we must improve our accounting standards making procedures: first, we should disclose more relevant knowledge to the public, especially the mature experience of the world's national and international standards committees, so that the public can understand the accounting standards and their corresponding interest relations in the light of their environment; secondly, we should expand the scope and scope of the draft, so that more investors, especially the vast majority of small and medium-sized investors and their stakeholders can participate in the formulation process of the guidelines, and establish a more open and institutionalized system of soliciting opinions, so as to increase the pparency of the standard setting process.

At present, in China's actual situation, the measures that can be taken are to strictly enforce the implementation of accounting standards, so as to enable stakeholders to reflect the impact of accounting standards on their economic interests as soon as possible. On the other hand, accounting standards making institutions should take measures to remind the public of the possible economic consequences of accounting standards, which will also effectively promote public participation in the formulation of accounting standards.

Two, when making accounting standards and accounting regulations, we should try to overcome or reduce the ambiguity of their own uncertainties.

More precise analysis and explanation are given to the definitions and definitions in the guidelines, and detailed explanations of all possible understandings are given in order to prevent users from misunderstandings.

In addition, we should try to reduce the selectivity and diversity of accounting policies and accounting methods for similar or similar economic pactions, and reduce accounting personnel's artificial estimation as far as possible.

The scope of professional judgement.

At the same time, we should constantly improve the internal audit system, establish an "economic police" mechanism, effectively supervise the managers and managers of enterprises, and stop the selective loopholes in accounting policies of enterprise drills.

(three) the contents of our accounting standards and accounting system should also be constantly improved and improved.

At present, a major trend in the development of financial accounting is to advocate the establishment of high-quality accounting standards. The core of high quality accounting standards is to emphasize the reliability and pparency of accounting information, and cannot overemphasize relevance and ignore the reliability of information.

Information that lacks reliability is also not relevant.

Information disclosure or disclosure mechanism should follow the principle of importance, pay attention to information in the form and off balance sheet information, financial information and non-financial information, quantitative information and qualitative information, past information and future information, mandatory disclosure of information and voluntary disclosure of information, so as to meet enterprise investors and creditors in a timely manner to understand the operation of enterprises.

Effective disclosure is a useful supplement to the accounting information that can not be presented on the balance sheet and closely related to investment decisions, so that it can better satisfy users' needs.

(four) to formulate and improve accounting regulations and related laws so as to adapt to the needs of market economy development.

In the process of pition from planned economy to market economy, the accounting law and other related laws need to be perfected in time to better adapt to the changing situations. We should try to define the criteria for ambiguity and ambiguity so as to improve the operability and authority of the regulations so as to facilitate the parties to act according to law and create a good and efficient legal environment.

At the same time, we should give full play to the supervisory function of accountants and make accountants honest and self-discipline.

The current accounting accreditation system should be a better choice.

It has far-reaching significance for standardizing the accounting behavior of our enterprises, reflecting the financial status, operating results and cash flows of the enterprises, and improving the quality of accounting information in China.

It should be said that with the trend of globalization of the world economy, new economic activities, new economic businesses and new market tools are constantly emerging. The accounting standards setting up in different countries should be consistent with the requirements of the IASC standard as far as possible, and China is no exception.

The regular distortion of accounting information is objectively existing, and some objective factors have led to it.

Therefore, we should start from improving the standards, the perfection of the system itself and improving the legal environment. This is also a long-term process of continuous improvement.